How did Jomo Kenyatta and Kwame Nkrumah play similar roles in 20th-century African independence movements?A.Both started rebellions based on Muslim beliefs but promoted secularism once in power.B.Both initially promoted nonviolence but gradually recognized the need for violent resistance.C.Both supported freedom as activists but suppressed their opponents after winning power.D.Both advocated racial equality at first but later argued that Europeans should be exiled.SUBMITarrow_backPREVIOUS

How did the success of independence movements affect Kenya and Algeria differently?A.Kenya established a liberal democracy after winning independence, while Algeria adopted a one-party government.B.Kenya formed a stable government after winning independence, while Algeria experienced political chaos.C.Kenya guaranteed religious freedom after winning independence, while Algeria began to persecute non-Muslims.D.Kenya adopted free market capitalism after winning independence, while Algeria adopted communism.SUBMITarrow_backPREVIOUS

“As a sixteen-year-old schoolgirl, I did not know much about being a freedom fighter, although I read nationalist newspapers and knew about the pronouncements of Jomo Kenyatta.* I read his book and Kenyatta himself was a frequent visitor to our home. He would talk to my father for hours on end. But, as children, we did not know what they were discussing. By the time the British declared a state of emergency in Kenya, I had already taken my first oath to the Mau Mau cause. Repeating carefully after the instructor, I swore to:1. Fight for the soil of Kenya, which had been stolen by the Whites.2. If possible, get a gun and any other valuables or money to help strengthen the movement.3. Kill anyone who was against the movement, even if that person was my brother.The state of emergency and the fighting kept me from studying abroad and joining my sister and brothers, who were studying in England. Finding myself with more time on my hands, I became even more eager to learn about freedom activities and felt even more commitment to Mau Mau, convinced that it was the only way that Kenya could be free.Matters worsened as the state of emergency continued. People were arrested arbitrarily by the colonial authorities, and Black collaborators accused people of being Mau Mau with little or no proof. Despite the pressure, I felt as determined as ever. In my mind, I had no doubt that I was fighting for a just cause.”*a Kenyan nationalist and independence leaderWambui Otieno, Kenyan activist, description of her participation in the Mau Mau uprising against British rule in Kenya in the early 1950s, included in an autobiography published in 1998QuestionWhich of the following best explains why the movement described in the passage began after the Second World War?ResponsesThe settlement of the conflict divided former German and Japanese colonies among the victorious Allied powers.The settlement of the conflict divided former German and Japanese colonies among the victorious Allied powers.The racist ideology of the German Nazi regime spread in influence as a result of its early military success.The racist ideology of the German Nazi regime spread in influence as a result of its early military success.The defeat of the Axis powers required the Allies to grant political concessions in order mobilize colonial populations militarily and economically.The defeat of the Axis powers required the Allies to grant political concessions in order mobilize colonial populations militarily and economically.The Allied Western European states began to implement more active measures to intervene in the economy through the creation of extensive welfare states.

How were the 20th-century independence movements in Ghana and Algeria different?A.Ghana fought for independence from European colonial powers, while Algeria fought against domination by the United States.B.Ghana's independence movement was led by an African nationalist, while Algeria's was led by a European communist.C.Ghana won its independence mostly through peaceful protest, while Algeria used violence to overthrow its colonial government.D.Ghana's independence movement was motivated by economic issues, while Algeria's was driven by religious motives.SUBMITarrow_backPREVIOUS

QUESTION 1Which condition is most closely associated with Mexico between 1910 and 1930? A. revolutions and political instability B. establishment of a state religion C. rapid industrialization by locally owned corporations D. widespread support for foreign intervention1 points   QUESTION 2Base your answer to the following question on the photographs below and on your knowledge of social studies.Both leaders were known for their commitment to A. Islamic fundamentalism B. nationalist movements C. civil disobedience D. five-year plans1 points   QUESTION 3One way in which José de San Martín, Camillo Cavour, and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that each leader A. made significant scientific discoveries B. led nationalist movements C. fought against British imperialism D. became a communist revolutionary1 points   QUESTION 4One way in which Atatürk of Turkey and Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam are similar is that they both A. led nationalist movements in their countries B. formed communist governments C. kept their countries out of the United Nations D. led their countries during the Cold War1 points   QUESTION 5A study of the revolutions in Latin America in the 19th century would show that A. religion was a major cause of the conflicts B. Spanish-born peninsulares led most of the Latin American uprisings C. nationalism had little influence on the outcome D. events in North America and Europe influenced Latin Americans1 points   QUESTION 6Porfirio Díaz, Francisco “Pancho” Villa, and Emiliano Zapata are all associated with the revolution in A. Haiti B. Mexico C. Bolivia D. Nicaragua1 points   QUESTION 7At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to A. restore old regimes to power B. spread the idea of democracy C. encourage nationalist movements D. promote the European free-trade zone1 points   QUESTION 8One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and José de San Martín are similar is that they A. supported the Reconquista B. led independence movements C. fought for Native American suffrage D. defended the encomienda system1 points   QUESTION 9The foreign policy of many Russian rulers supported the country’s desire for A. access to inland cities B. more mineral resources C. extensive canal systems D. warm-water ports1 points   QUESTION 10One political objective of both Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi was to A. overthrow divine right monarchies B. unify their nations C. establish communist systems D. form an alliance with Great Britain1 points   QUESTION 11Which individual is associated with the phrase blood and iron as related to the unification of Germany? A. Otto von Bismarck B. Giuseppe Garibaldi C. Kaiser Wilhelm II D. Count Camillo di Cavour1 points   QUESTION 12Base your answer to the question using the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.Source: Goldberg and DuPrè, Brief Review in Global History and Geography, Prentice Hall (adapted)Based on a comparison of these maps of South America, which conclusion is accurate? A. Many regions of South America gained their independence between 1790 and 1828. B. All of South America was independent by1828. C. Spain continued to gain South American colonies in the 19th century. D. Between 1790 and 1828, South American political boundaries remained unchanged except for Brazil.1 points   QUESTION 13The struggles for political independence in Latin America during the early 1800s were most directly influenced by the A. Berlin Conference B. doctrine of liberation theology C. American and French Revolutions D. writings of Count Camillo di Cavour1 points   QUESTION 14Base your answer to the question using the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.Source: Goldberg and DuPrè, Brief Review in Global History and Geography, Prentice Hall (adapted)Which individual is most closely associated with the changes indicated on these maps? A. Emiliano Zapata B. Simón Bolívar C. Porfirio Díaz D. Pancho Villa1 points   QUESTION 15The original goal of Pan-Africanism was to A. demand democratic reforms B. encourage ethnic rivalry C. promote a united Africa D. divide Africa into separate countries1 points   QUESTION 16• Toussaint L’Ouverture• Bernardo O’Higgins• José de San MartínThese individuals had their greatest impact on A. unification of Italy B. Latin America C. Zionist movements D. Catholic Church Reformation1 points   QUESTION 17One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and José de San Martín are similar is that they all were A. supporters of mercantile policies B. leaders of independence movements C. democratically elected leaders D. industrial labor reformers

Research more about either Namibia or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. What issues today have their roots in colonialism? Provide an argument using evidence from at least two reliable sources.