QUESTION 1Which condition is most closely associated with Mexico between 1910 and 1930? A. revolutions and political instability B. establishment of a state religion C. rapid industrialization by locally owned corporations D. widespread support for foreign intervention1 points   QUESTION 2Base your answer to the following question on the photographs below and on your knowledge of social studies.Both leaders were known for their commitment to A. Islamic fundamentalism B. nationalist movements C. civil disobedience D. five-year plans1 points   QUESTION 3One way in which José de San Martín, Camillo Cavour, and Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that each leader A. made significant scientific discoveries B. led nationalist movements C. fought against British imperialism D. became a communist revolutionary1 points   QUESTION 4One way in which Atatürk of Turkey and Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam are similar is that they both A. led nationalist movements in their countries B. formed communist governments C. kept their countries out of the United Nations D. led their countries during the Cold War1 points   QUESTION 5A study of the revolutions in Latin America in the 19th century would show that A. religion was a major cause of the conflicts B. Spanish-born peninsulares led most of the Latin American uprisings C. nationalism had little influence on the outcome D. events in North America and Europe influenced Latin Americans1 points   QUESTION 6Porfirio Díaz, Francisco “Pancho” Villa, and Emiliano Zapata are all associated with the revolution in A. Haiti B. Mexico C. Bolivia D. Nicaragua1 points   QUESTION 7At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to A. restore old regimes to power B. spread the idea of democracy C. encourage nationalist movements D. promote the European free-trade zone1 points   QUESTION 8One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and José de San Martín are similar is that they A. supported the Reconquista B. led independence movements C. fought for Native American suffrage D. defended the encomienda system1 points   QUESTION 9The foreign policy of many Russian rulers supported the country’s desire for A. access to inland cities B. more mineral resources C. extensive canal systems D. warm-water ports1 points   QUESTION 10One political objective of both Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi was to A. overthrow divine right monarchies B. unify their nations C. establish communist systems D. form an alliance with Great Britain1 points   QUESTION 11Which individual is associated with the phrase blood and iron as related to the unification of Germany? A. Otto von Bismarck B. Giuseppe Garibaldi C. Kaiser Wilhelm II D. Count Camillo di Cavour1 points   QUESTION 12Base your answer to the question using the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.Source: Goldberg and DuPrè, Brief Review in Global History and Geography, Prentice Hall (adapted)Based on a comparison of these maps of South America, which conclusion is accurate? A. Many regions of South America gained their independence between 1790 and 1828. B. All of South America was independent by1828. C. Spain continued to gain South American colonies in the 19th century. D. Between 1790 and 1828, South American political boundaries remained unchanged except for Brazil.1 points   QUESTION 13The struggles for political independence in Latin America during the early 1800s were most directly influenced by the A. Berlin Conference B. doctrine of liberation theology C. American and French Revolutions D. writings of Count Camillo di Cavour1 points   QUESTION 14Base your answer to the question using the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.Source: Goldberg and DuPrè, Brief Review in Global History and Geography, Prentice Hall (adapted)Which individual is most closely associated with the changes indicated on these maps? A. Emiliano Zapata B. Simón Bolívar C. Porfirio Díaz D. Pancho Villa1 points   QUESTION 15The original goal of Pan-Africanism was to A. demand democratic reforms B. encourage ethnic rivalry C. promote a united Africa D. divide Africa into separate countries1 points   QUESTION 16• Toussaint L’Ouverture• Bernardo O’Higgins• José de San MartínThese individuals had their greatest impact on A. unification of Italy B. Latin America C. Zionist movements D. Catholic Church Reformation1 points   QUESTION 17One way in which Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and José de San Martín are similar is that they all were A. supporters of mercantile policies B. leaders of independence movements C. democratically elected leaders D. industrial labor reformers

Which leaders demanded better lives for the poor in Mexico in the early 1900s through their small armies?

Passage 2 (Questions 6 - 10)Mexicans have long attributed the origins of their political system to the Revolution of 1910-20. They cite the constitution of 1917 as the foundation of their modern political institutions and practices. Mexico's governing institutions and political culture also bear the imprint of three centuries of Spanish colonial rule. Mexicans' adherence to a highly codified civil law tradition, their acceptance of heavy state involvement in business and civic affairs, and the deference accorded the executive over other branches of government can be traced to the administrative and legal practices of the colonial period.During the 1920s, President Elías Calles reorganized Mexican politics along corporatist lines to contain latent social conflicts. Calles expanded government bureaucracy to enable it to mediate among rival constituencies and to dispense state funds to organizations supportive of the "official" party. Calles also created umbrella organizations that lumped together disparate groups according to broad functional categories. Newly created interest groups depended heavily on the state for their financing and were required to maintain strong ties to the ruling party, the newly created Institutional Revolutionary Party (IRP).Calles's successor, Lázaro Cárdenas, revived populism as a force within the IRP by redistributing land to landless peasants via state-sponsored communal farming known as the ejido system. Cárdenas emphasized nationalism as a political force by expropriating the holdings of foreign oil corporations. By 1942, the political processes and institutions that would define Mexican politics for the next forty years were established: a strong federal government dominated by a civilian president and his loyalists within the ruling party, a symbiotic relationship between the state and the official party, a regular rotation of power among rival factions within a de facto single-party system, and a highly structured corporatist relationship between the state and government-sponsored businesses.During the 1980s, the pattern of Mexican politics instituted by Calles and Cárdenas began to break down. Public funding for a variety of programs dried up, which led to the state's role in the economy being scaled back, and the relationships developed over four decades between government agencies and legally recognized constituent groups were weakened. An internal rift emerged between the populists and the more technocratic wing of the ruling party over the market reforms and the authoritarian nature of the IRP-dominated political system. This internal rift developed into the first major mass defection from the IRP when a key minority group broke ranks and contested the 1988 presidential election as a coalition of populist parties.Self-preservation can help explain this breach in partisanship. IRP members’ longstanding loyalty to the party means that in the absence of disrupting forces, they can be expected to vote for that party. However, when drastic changes occur in the political and financial landscape, members are responsive to a range of pressures that can weaken their loyalty. Obvious variations occur in such factors as the charisma of the candidates, the impact of economic and domestic policy issues, foreign policy, and especially local economic changes. These factors may well have caused members to dissociate from the IRP.Since 1987, the IRP has managed to defeat most of the serious electoral challenges to its central role in Mexican politics. However, by 2002, most believed, correctly, that the IRP-dominated political system was in an advanced state of decay and that a move to greater pluralism in organized political activity was at hand. How this transition period would unfold, and whether it would result in a more participatory and competitive political process for Mexico, was yet to be determined. Traumatic experiences during the nineteenth century, including foreign military occupations, the loss of half of the national territory to the United States, as well as the disillusion sown by a series of unconstitutional regimes, continue to have a profound impact on contemporary political culture. Question 8Which of the following incidents may have led to the rift between groups within the IRP? A.A local scandal involving officials of the IRPB.Political pressure from national labor unionsC.Opinions of the defectors' family membersD.A particularly persuasive campaign speech by a technocrat member

The settlers' greatest source of discontent with governance was that the Mexican government _______ .

One is not a movement that helped the growth of nationalist sentiment before the 19th century. Which one ?a.Renaissance.b.The spread of globalizationc.The Protestant Revolutiond.Expansion of commerce.

Which of the following contributed to the growing discontent and eventual revolt of Americans in Texas?Multiple Choiceincreasing concentration of power in Mexico City and harsh suppression of uprisings in the provincesthe Mexican government's ban on slaverythe Mexican government's ban on Catholic churches in Texasthe refusal of the Mexican government to accept tax payments from Texans