Charge Q is distributed uniformly throughout the vol- ume of an insulating sphere of radius R = 4.00 cm. At a distance of 1 r= 8.00 cm from the center of the sphere, the electric field due to the charge distribution has magnitude E 940 N/C. What are (a) the vol- ume charge density for the sphere and (b) the electric field at a distance of 2.00 cm from the sphere's center?
Question
Charge Q is distributed uniformly throughout the vol- ume of an insulating sphere of radius R = 4.00 cm. At a distance of 1 r= 8.00 cm from the center of the sphere, the electric field due to the charge distribution has magnitude E 940 N/C. What are (a) the vol- ume charge density for the sphere and (b) the electric field at a distance of 2.00 cm from the sphere's center?
Solution
(a) The volume charge density (ρ) for the sphere can be calculated using Gauss's law. The electric field (E) at a distance (r) from the center of a uniformly charged sphere is given by E = Q/(4πε₀r²), where Q is the total charge and ε₀ is the permittivity of free space (8.85 x 10^-12 C²/Nm²).
Given that E = 940 N/C and r = 8.00 cm = 0.08 m, we can solve for Q:
Q = E * 4πε₀r² = 940 N/C * 4π * 8.85 x 10^-12 C²/Nm² * (0.08 m)² = 8.36 x 10^-9 C.
The volume of the sphere (V) is given by V = 4/3πR³, where R = 4.00 cm = 0.04 m. So, V = 4/3π * (0.04 m)³ = 2.68 x 10^-5 m³.
Therefore, the volume charge density (ρ) is given by ρ = Q/V = 8.36 x 10^-9 C / 2.68 x 10^-5 m³ = 3.12 x 10^-4 C/m³.
(b) The electric field (E) at a distance (r) from the center of a uniformly charged sphere is given by E = ρr/(3ε₀), for r ≤ R.
Given that ρ = 3.12 x 10^-4 C/m³ and r = 2.00 cm = 0.02 m, we can solve for E:
E = ρr/(3ε₀) = 3.12 x 10^-4 C/m³ * 0.02 m / (3 * 8.85 x 10^-12 C²/Nm²) = 2.35 x 10^3 N/C.
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