Text 1The traditional view suggests that the evolution of linguistic systems in human societies followed a clear sequence, beginning with rudimentary forms of communication such as basic gestures and vocal sounds used in early human societies. This was then followed by the development of complex spoken languages and ultimately, with the advancements in knowledge systems, transitioning to intricate systems of written languages.Text 2In a recent publication, linguists Claire Thompson and Daniel Hastings argue that linguistic systems in human societies have always displayed a level of complexity and adaptability. They present evidence showing that even 60,000 years ago, early human societies demonstrated significant variability in their communication methods, incorporating gestures, vocal sounds, and possibly even early forms of written symbols based on context and need.7Mark for ReviewABCBased on the texts, how would Thompson and Hastings (Text 2) most likely respond to the "traditional view" presented in Text 1?ABy acknowledging that written languages likely were not part of communication systems in early human societies.BBy arguing that vocal sounds and gestures have always been an integral part of communication, irrespective of the development of spoken and written languages.CBy challenging the idea that human communication systems have followed a linear progression through distinct stages.DBy disputing the notion that basic gestures and vocal sounds were among the earliest forms of human communication.

nature or properties of human language

8Over time, languages change as influenced by societal shifts, cultural contact, and generational transmission. This transformation in human communication is known as Language evolution. For example, Old English transforming into Modern English involved significant shifts in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Languages adapt to capture cultural nuances and express evolving concepts. Creole languages, born from diverse linguistic influences, illustrate the intricate process of language creation. Exploring language evolution reveals a dynamic system reflecting the changing nature of societies and the intricate tapestry of human expression.8 Mark For Review8According to the text, what is not true about Language evolution?A) The shift from Old English to Modern English involved the creation of a new language.B) Cultural evolution adapts to include new ideas and concepts brought about by adopting a second language.C) Creole languages properly illustrate how language changes are driven by different linguistic differences.D) Language evolves over time, optimizing itself and removing obsolete expressions.

DescriptionThe passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries.Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.The dominant hypotheses in modern science believe that language evolved to allow humans to exchange factual information about the physical world. But an alternative view is that language evolved, in modern humans at least, to facilitate social bonding. It increased our ancestors’ chances of survival by enabling them to hunt more successfully or to cooperate more extensively. Language meant that things could be explained and that plans and past experiences could be shared efficiently.Please select your Answer.From the belief that humans invented language to process factual information, scholars now think that language was the outcome of the need to ensure social cohesion and thus human survival.Since its origin, language has been continuously evolving to higher forms, from being used to identify objects to ensuring human survival by enabling our ancestors to bond and cooperate.Most believe that language originated from a need to articulate facts, but others think it emerged from the need to promote social cohesion and cooperation, thus enabling human survival.Experts are challenging the narrow view of the origin of language, as being merely used to describe facts and label objects, to being necessary to promote more complex interactions among humans.

According to our text, verbal communication includes the use of which elements?Group of answer choicesSpoken languageSpoken and written languageWritten languageSpoken language and formal gestures

As is discussed in "Investigating Life 7.1: Clues to the Origin of Language," which of the following represents how language evolved in human ancestors?Multiple ChoiceThrough repeated use of language, humans developed areas of their brain used for communication. This led to changesin transcription factors and genes that were inherited by future generations.Two random mutations in DNA resulted in a modified transcription factor that participates in language acquisition.Individuals with the mutations reproduced more successfully.Individuals realized that communication with others of the same species would increase their survival. They developedlanguage skills and passed them on to their offspring.