Consider the following table:The economy in the base year 2018 produced:Item Quantity PriceCoffee 20 cups $3 per cupPizza 22 pizzas $10 per pizzaBeer 40 litres $3 per litreIn 2019 the same economy produced: Item Quantity PriceCoffee 24 cups $2 per cupPizza 25 pizzas $9 per pizzaBeer 42 litres $3.50 per litre Which of the following is the rate of consumer price inflation and real GDP growth between 2018 and 2019?Group of answer choicesCPI inflation is -6.25% and real GDP growth is 11.1%CPI inflation is 11.1% and real GDP growth is -6.25%CPI inflation is 12% and real GDP growth is -5.5%CPI inflation is -5.5% and real GDP growth is 12%CPI inflation is -5.5% and real GDP growth is 10%
Question
Consider the following table:The economy in the base year 2018 produced:Item Quantity PriceCoffee 20 cups 10 per pizzaBeer 40 litres 2 per cupPizza 25 pizzas 3.50 per litre Which of the following is the rate of consumer price inflation and real GDP growth between 2018 and 2019?Group of answer choicesCPI inflation is -6.25% and real GDP growth is 11.1%CPI inflation is 11.1% and real GDP growth is -6.25%CPI inflation is 12% and real GDP growth is -5.5%CPI inflation is -5.5% and real GDP growth is 12%CPI inflation is -5.5% and real GDP growth is 10%
Solution
First, we need to calculate the nominal GDP for both years. Nominal GDP is calculated as the sum of the price times quantity for all goods.
For 2018: Coffee: 20 cups * 60 Pizza: 22 pizzas * 220 Beer: 40 litres * 120 So, Nominal GDP 2018 = 220 + 400
For 2019: Coffee: 24 cups * 48 Pizza: 25 pizzas * 225 Beer: 42 litres * 147 So, Nominal GDP 2019 = 225 + 420
Next, we calculate the real GDP for 2019 using the base year prices (2018 prices).
Real GDP 2019: Coffee: 24 cups * 72 Pizza: 25 pizzas * 250 Beer: 42 litres * 126 So, Real GDP 2019 = 250 + 448
Now, we can calculate the rate of inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI is calculated as the ratio of the nominal GDP to the real GDP, times 100.
CPI 2018 = (Nominal GDP 2018 / Real GDP 2018) * 100 = (400) * 100 = 100 CPI 2019 = (Nominal GDP 2019 / Real GDP 2019) * 100 = (448) * 100 = 93.75
The rate of inflation is the percentage change in the CPI from one year to the next.
Inflation rate = [(CPI 2019 - CPI 2018) / CPI 2018] * 100 = [(93.75 - 100) / 100] * 100 = -6.25%
Finally, the real GDP growth rate is the percentage change in real GDP from one year to the next.
Real GDP growth rate = [(Real GDP 2019 - Real GDP 2018) / Real GDP 2018] * 100 = [(400) / $400] * 100 = 12%
So, the CPI inflation is -6.25% and the real GDP growth is 12%. The correct answer is "CPI inflation is -6.25% and real GDP growth is 12%".
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