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Consider a simple economy that only produces: pencils, t-shirts, and bananas. Using the information in the table below, calculate the inflation rate for 2020, as measured by the consumer price index. Product Quantity Base year price (2010) Price (2019) Price (2020) Pencils 8 $2 $3 $3.50 T-shirts 15 $5 $7 $6.75 Bananas 5 $1 $1.50 $1.75 -1.1% 1.1% -1.9% 1.5% 1.9%

Question

Consider a simple economy that only produces: pencils, t-shirts, and bananas. Using the information in the table below, calculate the inflation rate for 2020, as measured by the consumer price index. Product Quantity Base year price (2010) Price (2019) Price (2020) Pencils 8 22 3 3.50Tshirts153.50 T-shirts 15 5 77 6.75 Bananas 5 11 1.50 $1.75

-1.1%

1.1%

-1.9%

1.5%

1.9%

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Solution

To calculate the inflation rate using the consumer price index (CPI), we first need to calculate the CPI for each year. The CPI is calculated as follows:

CPI = (Cost of Basket in Current Year / Cost of Basket in Base Year) * 100

First, we calculate the cost of the basket for each year:

Base Year (2010): (8 pencils * 2)+(15tshirts2) + (15 t-shirts * 5) + (5 bananas * 1)=1) = 16 + 75+75 + 5 = 962019:(8pencils96 2019: (8 pencils * 3) + (15 t-shirts * 7)+(5bananas7) + (5 bananas * 1.50) = 24+24 + 105 + 7.5=7.5 = 136.5 2020: (8 pencils * 3.50)+(15tshirts3.50) + (15 t-shirts * 6.75) + (5 bananas * 1.75)=1.75) = 28 + 101.25+101.25 + 8.75 = $138

Then, we calculate the CPI for each year:

CPI 2019 = (136.5/136.5 / 96) * 100 = 142.19 CPI 2020 = (138/138 / 96) * 100 = 143.75

Finally, we calculate the inflation rate from 2019 to 2020:

Inflation Rate = ((CPI 2020 - CPI 2019) / CPI 2019) * 100 = ((143.75 - 142.19) / 142.19) * 100 = 1.1%

So, the inflation rate for 2020, as measured by the consumer price index, is 1.1%.

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