Which can be explained only by the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation?*1 pointX-ray diffractionelectron diffractionatomic line spectraphotoelectric effect

The phenomenon that can be explained only by the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation is X-ray diffraction.

Here's why:

1. X-ray diffraction: This phenomenon involves the interference of waves, which is a property exclusive to waves. When X-rays are directed at a crystal, they are diffracted, or spread out, and interfere with each other to produce a specific pattern. This can only be explained by treating X-rays as waves.

2. Electron diffraction: While this also involves wave interference, it's not exclusive to electromagnetic radiation. Electrons are particles, but they also exhibit wave-like properties according to the wave-particle duality principle in quantum mechanics.

3. Atomic line spectra: This can be explained by both the particle and wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. The discrete lines in the spectrum are due to electrons absorbing or emitting photons (particle nature), but the different colors correspond to different wavelengths (wave nature).

4. Photoelectric effect: This is explained by the particle nature of light. In this phenomenon, electrons are ejected from a material when light shines on it. This can only be explained if light is treated as a stream of particles (photons) each carrying a quantum of energy.