Use the following for Questions 1, 2, and 3.  Researchers collected data to examine the relationship between air pollutants and pregnancy length in Southern California. During the study, air pollution levels were measured by air quality monitoring stations. Length of pregnancy data were collected on 500 births in Southern California between the years 1989 and 1993, and air pollution exposure during pregnancy was calculated for each birth. The analysis suggested that increased air pollution levels may be associated with the occurrence of preterm births (i.e. shorter pregnancies).What is the population for this study?Group of answer choicesAll births in the United StatesPreterm births in Southern California between 1989 and 1993All births in Southern CaliforniaThe 500 births in Southern California between 1989 and 1993

Air pollution accounts for approximately how many premature deaths each year?Group of answer choices5 Million7 Million1 Million3 Million

Elaborate impact of air pollutants in human health, make a table relevant disease/illness?

How many people die prematurely from illnesses associated with household air pollution, caused by incomplete combustion of solid fuels and kerosene used for cooking?Group of answer choicesOver 4 million2 million3.6 million3.2 million

The same researchers also wanted to examine whether second-hand smoking (exposure to a another person smoking) by pregnant women increases the risk of low birth weight (i.e., the proportion of babies born at a low birth weight among women who were second-hand smokers during their pregnancy is higher than the proportion in the general population). The researchers obtained a sample of 175 pregnant women who were second-hand smokers, followed them during their pregnancies, and found that 10.2% of the newborns had low birth weight. Based on these data, the p-value was found to be .119.Write down the null and alternative hypotheses (Ho and Ha) that are being tested here.

Fill in the Blank QuestionFill in the blank question.Factors affecting changes in population size are summarized as BIDE, or Births + – Deaths – .