Document 5Source: Dempsey Travis, African American military veteran, oral interview about his experience in the United States Army during the Second World WarThe army was an experience unlike anything I’ve had in my life. I think of two armies, one black, one white. . . .This was Camp Shenango, Pennsylvania. . . .The troop train . . . had a car for black soldiers and a car for whites. They went to their part [of the camp] and sent us to the ghetto. It seems the army always arranged to have black soldiers back up against the woods someplace. Isolated. We were never near the main gate. If you went through camp as a visitor, you’d never know black soldiers were there, unless they happened to be working on some menial detail.They didn’t have a PX [United States Army base store] that black soldiers could use. There was a white PX, but we could not use it. They set up a temporary situation in the barracks where a guy had some candy bars and a Coke. At the white PX, you could buy almost anything. We had nothin’. There was no black servicemen’s club. No place for recreation. . . .Although there were five theaters on the post, there were none that black soldiers could use.

Document 1A. Philip Randolph, “Call to Negro America to March on Washington for Jobs and Equal Participation in National Defense,” May 1941.This is an hour of crisis. It is a crisis of democracy. It is a crisis of minority groups. It is a crisis of Negro Americans.What is this crisis?To American Negroes, it is the denial of jobs in Government defense projects. It is racial discrimination in Government departments. It is widespread Jim Crowism in the armed forces of the Nation.While billions of the taxpayers’ money are being spent for war weapons, Negro workers are finally being turned away from the gates of factories, mine, and mills—being flatly told, “NOTHING DOING.” . . .With faith and confidence of the Negro people in their own power for self-liberation, Negroes can break down the barriers of discrimination against employment in National Defense. Negroes can kill the deadly serpent of race hatred in the Army, Navy, Air and Marine Corps, and smash through and blast the Government, business and labor-union red tape to win the right to equal opportunity in vocational training and re-training in defense employment. . . .In this period of power politics, nothing counts but pressure, more pressure, and still more pressure, through the tactic and strategy of broad, organized, aggressive mass action behind the vital and important issues of the Negro. To this end, we propose that ten thousand Negroes MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS IN NATIONAL DEFENSE AND EQUAL INTEGRATION IN THE FIGHTING FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES. . . .Today we call on President [Franklin D.] Roosevelt . . . to . . . free American Negro citizens of the stigma, humiliation, and insult of discrimination and Jim Crowism in Government departments and national defense.

African Americans joined the military because they wanted toQuestion 15Answera.show off their physical superiorityb.none of the abovec.protest against racial segregationd.demonstrate their patriotism

2.  Which of the following was part of the Union's military strategy for mobilization at the start of the Civil War? Group of answer choicesabolishing slaveery in the border states that remained in the Unioncalling for volunteers to serve for one yearrecruiting large numbers of black American soldiers to fightcreating a draft for 3 year service

During the American Revolution, Black soldiers fought on the side of the Americans.TrueFalseListen

What motivated African-American men to serve in the U.S. military forces that fought against Native Americans, the Spanish, and the Filipinos?