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Select all that applyHow do macrophages kill microorganisms?Multiple select question.By producing interferons within lysosomesWith digestive enzymes within lysosomesBy secreting a variety of defensinsBy producing oxygen-containing free radicals within phagosomes

Question

Select all that applyHow do macrophages kill microorganisms?Multiple select question.By producing interferons within lysosomesWith digestive enzymes within lysosomesBy secreting a variety of defensinsBy producing oxygen-containing free radicals within phagosomes

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Solution

Macrophages kill microorganisms in several ways:

  1. With digestive enzymes within lysosomes: Macrophages engulf microorganisms and then fuse with lysosomes. The lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down the microorganisms.

  2. By producing oxygen-containing free radicals within phagosomes: After a macrophage engulfs a microorganism, it forms a phagosome. Within the phagosome, the macrophage can produce oxygen-containing free radicals that are toxic to the microorganism.

  3. By secreting a variety of defensins: Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that can kill microorganisms. Macrophages can secrete these defensins to kill microorganisms.

However, macrophages do not kill microorganisms by producing interferons within lysosomes. Interferons are proteins that are produced by cells in response to viral infections. They help to inhibit the replication of viruses, but they do not directly kill microorganisms.

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