Which of the following is central to Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer's explanation of changes in punishment, presented in Punishment and Social Structure?Group of answer choicesThe emergence of anomie and alienation in Europe.The emergence of compassionate values in Western societies.The need to coercively manage the labor supply.The shift from mechanical to organic solidary with growing division of labor.

Which proposition expresses Emilé Durkheim’s theory about changes in punishment?Group of answer choicesAs society moves from mechanical to organic solidarity, there is a shift from retributive to restitutive punishment.As society moves from mechanical to organic solidarity, there is a shift in punishment from restitutive to retributive.As society moves from mechanical to organic solidarity, the moral order grows to match the emerging complexity of the social system and punishment changes accordingly.None of the above. Durkheim was the theorist who refuted the theory that patterns of punishment are related to changes in moral order.

Classical theory is most closely associated with which important justification for punishment?Question 2Answera.Retributionb.Incapacitationc.Rehabilitationd.Deterrence

According to lecture, and following from research by Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer, to more fully understand the cycles of rehabilitation and repression in the development of the penitentiary one needs to do what?Group of answer choicesDetermine patterns of crime commission and severity.Emphasize ideological forces more than economic ones.Grasp the penitentiary as largely a reflection of economic cycles in and the development of capitalism.Put popular forces central to the analysis; these are the actors of history.

Of the four justifications for punishment, __________ is the oldest and perceives punishment as society’s revenge for a moral wrong.A.deterrenceB.retributionC.societal protectionD.rehabilitation

A key component of classical criminological theory favoured capital punishment over long imprisonment.Question 4Select one:TrueFalse