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If a deductive argument is valid and an inductive argument is strong, how do they differ in terms of logical structure?Question 4Answera.Both rely on empirical evidence.b.Deduction guarantees the conclusion, while induction makes it probable.c.Both follow the same logical structure.d.Deduction is based on probability, while induction is certain.

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If a deductive argument is valid and an inductive argument is strong, how do they differ in terms of logical structure?Question 4Answera.Both rely on empirical evidence.b.Deduction guarantees the conclusion, while induction makes it probable.c.Both follow the same logical structure.d.Deduction is based on probability, while induction is certain.

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Solution

The main difference between a valid deductive argument and a strong inductive argument lies in the nature of the conclusion drawn.

a. Both rely on empirical evidence: This is not necessarily true. Deductive arguments are based on premises that are assumed to be true, and the conclusion follows logically from these premises. Empirical evidence may or may not be involved. Inductive arguments, on the other hand, often rely on empirical evidence to make generalizations.

b. Deduction guarantees the conclusion, while induction makes it probable: This is true. In a valid deductive argument, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true. In a strong inductive argument, the truth of the premises makes the conclusion likely, but not certain.

c. Both follow the same logical structure: This is not true. Deductive arguments follow a structure where the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion. Inductive arguments, however, make broad generalizations from specific observations, and the conclusion is not guaranteed.

d. Deduction is based on probability, while induction is certain: This is not true. It's actually the other way around. Deductive arguments, if valid, provide certainty, while inductive arguments deal with probabilities.

So, the correct answer to your question is b. Deduction guarantees the conclusion, while induction makes it probable.

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