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How much more is a perpetuity of $1,000 worth than an annuity of the same amount for 20 years? Assume an interest rate of 10% and cash flows at the end of each period

Question

How much more is a perpetuity of $1,000 worth than an annuity of the same amount for 20 years? Assume an interest rate of 10% and cash flows at the end of each period

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Solution

Para resolver esta pregunta, primero necesitamos calcular el valor presente de la perpetuidad y el valor presente de la anualidad. Luego, restaremos el valor presente de la anualidad del valor presente de la perpetuidad para encontrar la diferencia.

  1. Valor presente de la perpetuidad: Una perpetuidad es una serie de pagos iguales que continúan indefinidamente. La fórmula para calcular el valor presente de una perpetuidad es:

    PVperpetuidad=Cr PV_{\text{perpetuidad}} = \frac{C}{r}

    Donde:

    • CC es el pago anual ($1,000)
    • rr es la tasa de interés (10% o 0.10)

    Sustituyendo los valores:

    PVperpetuidad=1,0000.10=10,000 PV_{\text{perpetuidad}} = \frac{1,000}{0.10} = 10,000

  2. Valor presente de la anualidad: Una anualidad es una serie de pagos iguales durante un número finito de periodos. La fórmula para calcular el valor presente de una anualidad es:

    PVanualidad=C×(1(1+r)n)/r PV_{\text{anualidad}} = C \times \left(1 - \left(1 + r\right)^{-n}\right) / r

    Donde:

    • CC es el pago anual ($1,000)
    • rr es la tasa de interés (10% o 0.10)
    • nn es el número de periodos (20 años)

    Sustituyendo los valores:

    PVanualidad=1,000×(1(1+0.10)20)/0.10 PV_{\text{anualidad}} = 1,000 \times \left(1 - \left(1 + 0.10\right)^{-20}\right) / 0.10

    Primero, calculamos (1+0.10)20\left(1 + 0.10\right)^{-20}:

    (1+0.10)20=1.10200.14864 \left(1 + 0.10\right)^{-20} = 1.10^{-20} \approx 0.14864

    Luego, calculamos 10.148641 - 0.14864:

    10.14864=0.85136 1 - 0.14864 = 0.85136

    Finalmente, calculamos el valor presente de la anualidad:

    PVanualidad=1,000×0.851360.10=1,000×8.5136=8,513.60 PV_{\text{anualidad}} = 1,000 \times \frac{0.85136}{0.10} = 1,000 \times 8.5136 = 8,513.60

  3. Diferencia entre la perpetuidad y la anualidad: Ahora restamos el valor presente de la anualidad del valor presente de la perpetuidad:

    Diferencia=PVperpetuidadPVanualidad=10,0008,513.60=1,486.40 \text{Diferencia} = PV_{\text{perpetuidad}} - PV_{\text{anualidad}} = 10,000 - 8,513.60 = 1,486.40

Por lo tanto, una perpetuidad de 1,000vale1,000 vale 1,486.40 más que una anualidad de $1,000 durante 20 años, asumiendo una tasa de interés del 10%.

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