Text 1Biologists have long puzzled over how countless species of tiny gut bacteria can coexist in the human digestive system, all competing for similar nutrients. According to traditional belief, one species should dominate after outperforming the others. Yet, why do such a multitude of species persist? Multiple attempts by biologists to explain this paradox have yet to yield a satisfactory answer.Text 2Microbiologist Olivia Martinez and her group have associated the variety of intestinal microflora with their tiny sizes. Given these organisms are incredibly small, they are somewhat dispersed from each other within the human gut and perceive the human body as a relatively dense habitat. This subsequently hinders their movement and mutual interaction. As a result, posits Martinez’s team, the direct rivalry among intestinal microflora likely takes place far less often than previously conjectured.9 Mark For Review9Based on the texts, how would Martinez and colleagues (Text 2) most likely respond to the “traditional belief” discussed in Text 1?A) By suggesting that their own findings help explain how gut bacteria species can compete with larger organisms.B) By recommending that more biologists concentrate their research on how competition among gut bacteria species is amplified by body density.C) By asserting that it overlooks that regular intake of diverse food sources mitigates competition between gut bacteria species.D) By arguing that it is based on a misunderstanding about gut bacteria species competing with each other.

Your microbiome living in your gut is important in the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. This is an example of what type of relationship?Multiple Choicemimicrysymbiosispredator-preyinterspecific competitionintraspecific competition

research on the gut flora (or more generally on the human microbiome) and distinguish what symbiotic relationships some of those microorganisms have with us

Humans, like many other organisms, have a microbiome. The human microbiome consists of all of the beneficial and detrimental microorganisms that live inside and outside our bodies. Our gut microbiome includes intestinal bacteria that help to digest food and provide us with nutrients.What type of relationship exists between these bacteria in your intestines and your body?Select one:a.Parasitismb.Mutualismc.Commensalismd.Predation

1. Distinguish between:a. pathogens, antigens and hostsb. prions, viruses and bacteriac. parasites, endoparasites and ectoparasites.2. Our microbiome consists of trillions of microorganisms that live in us and on us. Thebacteria that colonised the intestines after birth are important for development andfunction and are considered the normal flora of the gut. We depend on our gutbacteria to obtain vitamin K and vitamin B.a. Where do we obtain the bacteria that colonise our gut?b. Are any two people's gut microbiomes identical? Justify your response.c. Suggest factors that influence the composition of our gut microbiota over ourlifetime.3. Describe how our human microbiome protects us from pathogen attack. State fivediseases that have been linked to the microbiome

describe what a microbiome is.