1.
a. Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Antigens are substances that provoke an immune response, especially the production of antibodies. They can be from pathogens, foreign substances, or allergens. Hosts are organisms that harbor other organisms, such as humans hosting bacteria in their gut.
b. Prions are infectious proteins that can cause diseases in the nervous system. Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside the cells of a host organism. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can exist independently, unlike viruses.
c. Parasites are organisms that live on or in a host organism and get their food from or at the expense of their host. Endoparasites live inside the body of the host (like tapeworms in humans). Ectoparasites live on the surface of the host (like ticks on dogs).

2.
a. We obtain the bacteria that colonize our gut from various sources such as our diet, environment, and from our mothers during birth and breastfeeding.
b. No, no two people's gut microbiomes are identical. This is because the composition of gut microbiota is influenced by various factors such as diet, lifestyle, genetics, and environment.
c. Factors that influence the composition of our gut microbiota over our lifetime include diet, use of antibiotics, stress, age, and diseases.

3. Our human microbiome protects us from pathogen attack by competing for nutrients and space, producing antimicrobial substances, and stimulating our immune system. Five diseases that have been linked to the microbiome include obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and autism.

Question

1. 
a. Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Antigens are substances that provoke an immune response, especially the production of antibodies. They can be from pathogens, foreign substances, or allergens. Hosts are organisms that harbor other organisms, such as humans hosting bacteria in their gut.
b. Prions are infectious proteins that can cause diseases in the nervous system. Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside the cells of a host organism. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can exist independently, unlike viruses.
c. Parasites are organisms that live on or in a host organism and get their food from or at the expense of their host. Endoparasites live inside the body of the host (like tapeworms in humans). Ectoparasites live on the surface of the host (like ticks on dogs).

2. 
a. We obtain the bacteria that colonize our gut from various sources such as our diet, environment, and from our mothers during birth and breastfeeding.
b. No, no two people's gut microbiomes are identical. This is because the composition of gut microbiota is influenced by various factors such as diet, lifestyle, genetics, and environment.
c. Factors that influence the composition of our gut microbiota over our lifetime include diet, use of antibiotics, stress, age, and diseases.

3. Our human microbiome protects us from pathogen attack by competing for nutrients and space, producing antimicrobial substances, and stimulating our immune system. Five diseases that have been linked to the microbiome include obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and autism.

Knowee AI · Accepted Answer

1. 
a. Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Antigens are substances that provoke an immune response, especially the production of antibodies. They can be from pathogens, foreign substances, or allergens. Hosts are organisms that harbor other organisms, such as humans hosting bacteria in their gut.
b. Prions are infectious proteins that can cause diseases in the nervous system. Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside the cells of a host organism. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can exist independently, unlike viruses.
c. Parasites are organisms that live on or in a host organism and get their food from or at the expense of their host. Endoparasites live inside the body of the host (like tapeworms in humans). Ectoparasites live on the surface of the host (like ticks on dogs).

2. 
a. We obtain the bacteria that colonize our gut from various sources such as our diet, environment, and from our mothers during birth and breastfeeding.
b. No, no two people's gut microbiomes are identical. This is because the composition of gut microbiota is influenced by various factors such as diet, lifestyle, genetics, and environment.
c. Factors that influence the composition of our gut microbiota over our lifetime include diet, use of antibiotics, stress, age, and diseases.

3. Our human microbiome protects us from pathogen attack by competing for nutrients and space, producing antimicrobial substances, and stimulating our immune system. Five diseases that have been linked to the microbiome include obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and autism.

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