An unknown liquid is found to have a specific heat capacity of $6.3\times10^3$ J kg−1 K−1. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg−1 K−1. A kilogram of water and a kilogram of the unknown liquid are heated to 50.0°C and are left to cool. Assuming both release heat at the same rate, which do you expect to reach room temperature first? Explain your answer.
Question
An unknown liquid is found to have a specific heat capacity of J kg−1 K−1.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg−1 K−1. A kilogram of water and a kilogram of the unknown liquid are heated to 50.0°C and are left to cool. Assuming both release heat at the same rate, which do you expect to reach room temperature first? Explain your answer.
Solution
The substance that will reach room temperature first will be the one with the lower specific heat capacity. This is because specific heat capacity is a measure of how much energy is required to raise the temperature of a substance. The lower the specific heat capacity, the less energy is required to change its temperature, and therefore, the faster its temperature will change.
In this case, the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg−1 K−1, while the specific heat capacity of the unknown liquid is 6.3x10^3 J kg−1 K−1.
Comparing these values, we can see that the specific heat capacity of water is higher than that of the unknown liquid. This means that water requires more energy to change its temperature than the unknown liquid does.
Therefore, we can expect the unknown liquid to reach room temperature first, as it will lose heat faster than the water due to its lower specific heat capacity.
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