Most current psychological treatments are designed to range from approximatelyGroup of answer choices1 to 3 sessions.6 to 8 sessions.10 to 30 sessions.40 to 80 sessions.

The vast majority of psychological interventions are delivered inGroup of answer choicesindividual sessions.group sessions.couple therapy sessions.both A and C.

In Hansen, Lambert, and Forman’s (2002) examination of 6,000 adults who received routine psychotherapy, approximately ____ of clients experiences no change, whereas ____ of clients improved or recovered.Group of answer choices10%; 85%25%; 60%50%; 35%85%; 10%

Treatmenti. List 2 evidence-based psychological treatments for the disorder (not medications)ii. Please discuss at least three empirical articles (for each treatment) with findings foreach one to support the scientific investigations for these treatments.iii. From what you know about the character, how might they make use of thesestreatments? What modifications, might you make in light of the particularpsychosocial history, current life situation, and emotional needs of this character?

CBT• CBT roots in Behavioral therapies, Beck’s CT, and Ellis’s REBT• Behavioral therapies challenge psychoanalysis, view mental health issues aslearned responses• First wave of CBT (1950s-1970s) focused on thoughts, behaviors, feelings• Second wave (1970s-2000s) saw development of disorder-specific models• Third wave (2000s onwards) emphasizes underlying processes, less on thoughtchallenging• CBT sessions can be individual, group, or online, lasting 30-60 minutes• Basic principles: 'here and now', concrete examples, socratic questioning,empirical approach• Elements of CBT: active, collaborative, structured, problem-oriented, solution-focused, motivational, directive• - Active involvement of the client in therapy• - Collaborative approach between therapist and client• - Structured sessions with clear beginning, middle, and end• - Focus on problem-solving and solution generation• - Motivational support for behavioral and thinking change• - Directive treatment plan for change• - Time-limited perspective on therapy19• - Importance of therapeutic relationship and psychoeducation• - Empowering the client to be their own CBT therapistStrengths of CBT• Research has found that CBT is very effective for treating depression and anxietydisorders• especially (Hollon & Beck, 1994, Beck,1993)• Short-term• No-side effects• Structured, and well-researchedLimitations of CBT• Motivation is a huge factor, as client must want to help themselves.• Not a quick fix, and takes time.• Based on western/individualistic values.• Individual experiences are seen as sum of their parts, rather than as a whole.Simplifying what is more nuanced• - Self-discovered insights have a stronger emotional impact.• - Socratic questions aid in memory clarification, translation, interpretation,application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.• - Therapeutic alliance is crucial in CBT, emphasizing collaboration and empathy.• - Psychoeducation involves discussing mental health issues clearly and accurately.• - Psychoeducation is an ongoing process in therapy, normalizing experiences.• - Graded exposure: Assess and expose fears gradually.• - Activity Scheduling: Re-engage individuals in daily routines.• - Identifying cognitive biases: Recognize and challenge unhelpful thinking patterns.• - Thought challenging: Focus on realistic thinking, not just positive thinking

describe the effectiveness of psychological therapies in preventing psychological problems