In chronic renal failure, which of the following is/are likely to be decreased in blood?W. Potassium ions (i.e. K+).X. The active form of vitamin D.Y. Hydrogen ions (i.e. H+).Z. Erythropoietin (EPO).Question 45Select one:a.if only W, X and Y are correctb.if only W and Y are correctc.if only X and Z are correctd.if only Z is correcte.if all are correct
Question
In chronic renal failure, which of the following is/are likely to be decreased in blood?W. Potassium ions (i.e. K+).X. The active form of vitamin D.Y. Hydrogen ions (i.e. H+).Z. Erythropoietin (EPO).Question 45Select one:a.if only W, X and Y are correctb.if only W and Y are correctc.if only X and Z are correctd.if only Z is correcte.if all are correct
Solution
In chronic renal failure:
W. Potassium ions (K+) - These are likely to be increased, not decreased, in the blood due to the kidneys' decreased ability to excrete potassium.
X. The active form of Vitamin D - This is likely to be decreased. The kidneys play a crucial role in converting vitamin D into its active form. In chronic renal failure, this function is impaired, leading to lower levels of active vitamin D.
Y. Hydrogen ions (H+) - These are likely to be increased, not decreased, in the blood. The kidneys help regulate the body's pH by excreting hydrogen ions. In chronic renal failure, this function is impaired, leading to a condition called metabolic acidosis.
Z. Erythropoietin (EPO) - This is likely to be decreased. The kidneys produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. In chronic renal failure, the production of EPO is decreased, leading to anemia.
So, the correct answer is c. if only X and Z are correct.
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