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In the question given below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information given in the statementStatements: All books are pens. All pens are pencils. Conclusions:I. All books are pencils.II. All pencils are books.

Question

In the question given below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information given in the statementStatements: All books are pens. All pens are pencils. Conclusions:I. All books are pencils.II. All pencils are books.

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Solution

Conclusion I: All books are pencils. This conclusion is valid. Given that all books are pens and all pens are pencils, it logically follows that all books are pencils.

Conclusion II: All pencils are books. This conclusion is not valid. While all books are pencils, the statement does not provide information that all pencils are books. There could be pencils that are not books. Therefore, this conclusion does not logically follow from the given statements.

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