The market for wheat consists of 500 identical firms, each with the totalcost function C(Q) = 90, 000 + 0.00001Q2 where Q is measured in bushels per year. Themarket demand curve for wheat is Q = 90, 000, 000 − 20, 000, 000P , where Q is againmeasured in bushels and P is the price per bushel. The market is perfectly competitive.(a) Obtain the average and marginal cost functions of each firm. Obtain the total cost,average cost and marginal cost when the production of a firm is Q0 = 100, 000.
Question
The market for wheat consists of 500 identical firms, each with the totalcost function C(Q) = 90, 000 + 0.00001Q2 where Q is measured in bushels per year. Themarket demand curve for wheat is Q = 90, 000, 000 − 20, 000, 000P , where Q is againmeasured in bushels and P is the price per bushel. The market is perfectly competitive.(a) Obtain the average and marginal cost functions of each firm. Obtain the total cost,average cost and marginal cost when the production of a firm is Q0 = 100, 000.
Solution
The total cost function is given as C(Q) = 90,000 + 0.00001Q^2.
(a) The average cost (AC) function is obtained by dividing the total cost (C) by the quantity (Q). So, AC(Q) = C(Q)/Q = (90,000/Q) + 0.00001Q.
The marginal cost (MC) function is the derivative of the total cost function with respect to Q. So, MC(Q) = dC(Q)/dQ = 0.00002Q.
Now, let's calculate the total cost, average cost, and marginal cost when Q0 = 100,000.
Total cost, C(Q0) = 90,000 + 0.00001*(100,000)^2 = 90,000 + 100,000 = 190,000.
Average cost, AC(Q0) = C(Q0)/Q0 = 190,000/100,000 = 1.9.
Marginal cost, MC(Q0) = 0.00002*100,000 = 2.
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