Which of the following scenarios supports the argument that the environment plays a large role in weight gain?Multiple choice question.The hormone leptin forms a communication link between adipose cells and the brain.Basal metabolism increases when a high calorie meal is consumed.Even though the gene pool has not changed much, the rate of obesity has risen in the past 50 years.The body tries to maintain its weight and resist weight loss on its own.

Which of the following statements best describes leptin?Group of answer choicesA short-term acting peptide hormone synthesised in the stomach that binds to receptors in the hypothalamus to initiate feeding behaviour.A protein that has its levels regulated by feeding status, which results in obesity when overexpressed.A peptide hormone product of the POMC gene that binds to receptors in the paraventricular nucleus to inhibit feeding behaviour.A long-term acting hormone released from adipose tissue that binds to receptors in the hypothalamus to inhibit feeding behaviour.

The fact that couples and friends who have no genetic link may behave similarly toward food and assume similar degrees of leanness or fatness shows a(an) _______ link to weight loss and gain.Multiple choice question.geneticenvironmentalphysiological

Which of the following statements is true?Multiple ChoiceSatiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food.Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach.Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.People with "thrifty" metabolisms burn more fat per hour than other people.

Scientists believe that problems regulating _____ may be implicated in human obesity.Multiple choice question.oxytocinorexinleptinmelatonin

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Currently, overweight and obesity represent a public health problem that affects populations of all cultures, socioeconomic classes, and ages, including children. Obesity has been considered to result from lifestyle changes, especially in food consumption, physical activity and sedentary tendencies, because the environment has grown more obesogenic in recent decades. Regarding food habits, there have been the following two opposing tendencies: 1) an increasing consumption of high-caloric industrialized foods and beverages; for instance, Mexican school children obtain approximately 20.7% of their energy from sweetened beverages, and 2) a decreasing consumption of natural and healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, which is a habit considered to be a risk factor for obesity.Additionally, Western societies, including children, display an increased tendency toward sedentary lifestyles, including resting, watching TV, traveling by car to and from school and performing less physical activity. Physical activity has an important role in maintaining a healthy nutritional status, while sedentary lifestyles are a risk factor for obesity and its comorbidities.According to the Mexican National Nutrition Surveys, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren increased from 26.9% in 1999 to 34.8% in 2006. Although the 2012 survey indicates that the prevalence of overweight and obesity has not increased over the past 6 years (34.4%), the percentage is one of the highest among school-age children (5 - 11 years) in Latin America. The recent increase in the problem is likely associated with changes in the lifestyles of families. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to 1) characterize the dietary habits, exercise, and sedentary lifestyles of school children in Mexico City according to eutrophic or obese nutritional status and 2) identify which habits regarding modified foods or exercise styles lead children who live in an obesogenic environment to develop overweight or obesity.Question 12. The passage mainly discusses ____.A.solutions of overweight and obesityB.causes of overweight and obesityC.causes and impacts of overweight and obesityD.overweight and obesity related diseasesQuestion 13. It is stated in paragraph 1 that overweight and obesity is mainly caused by ……..A.an increasing consumption of high-caloric foodsB.changes in people's lifestylesC.physical activity and sedentary tendenciesD.a low consumption of healthy foodsQuestion 14. The word "obesogenic" in the passage almost means ……..A.gaining weightB.causing dangersC.making obeseD.increasing caloriesQuestion 15. The word "which" in the passage refers to ……..A.food habitsB.a decreasing consumption of natural and healthy foodsC.obtaining energy from sweetened beveragesD.increasing consumption of high-caloric industrialized foods and beveragesQuestion 16. The word "display" in the passage is closest in meaning to ……..A.argueB.representC.describeD.showQuestion 17. The word "comorbidities" in the passage almost means ……..A.causes of obesityB.obesity causing conditionsC.symptoms of obesityD.obesity related diseasesQuestion 18. The main idea of paragraph 4 is ……..A.the aim of the present study on dietary habitsB.sedentary lifestyles of school children in Mexico CityC.the combined prevalence of overweight and obesityD.the aim of the present study on overweight and obesity