The molal freezing point depression constant =Kf·3.74°C·kgmol−1 for a certain substance X. When 41.2g of urea NH22CO are dissolved in 650.g of X, the solution freezes at −8.6°C. Calculate the freezing point of pure X.Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Question
The molal freezing point depression constant =Kf·3.74°C·kgmol−1 for a certain substance X. When 41.2g of urea NH22CO are dissolved in 650.g of X, the solution freezes at −8.6°C. Calculate the freezing point of pure X.Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Solution
Primero, necesitamos calcular la molalidad (m) de la solución. La molalidad se define como los moles de soluto por kilogramo de solvente.
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Calcular los moles de urea (NH₂₂CO):
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Masa molar de urea (NH₂₂CO): N: 14.01 g/mol H: 1.01 g/mol (2 átomos) C: 12.01 g/mol O: 16.00 g/mol Masa molar = 14.01 + (2 × 1.01) + 12.01 + 16.00 = 60.05 g/mol
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Moles de urea: Moles = masa / masa molar = 41.2 g / 60.05 g/mol ≈ 0.686 moles
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Calcular la masa del solvente en kilogramos:
- Masa del solvente (X) = 650 g = 0.650 kg
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Calcular la molalidad (m):
- Molalidad (m) = moles de soluto / kg de solvente = 0.686 moles / 0.650 kg ≈ 1.055 m
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Usar la ecuación de la depresión del punto de congelación: ΔTf = Kf × m
- ΔTf = 3.74°C·kg/mol × 1.055 m ≈ 3.94°C
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Determinar el punto de congelación del solvente puro (Tf°):
- La solución congela a -8.6°C, por lo que: Tf° - (-8.6°C) = 3.94°C Tf° + 8.6°C = 3.94°C Tf° = 3.94°C - 8.6°C Tf° ≈ -4.66°C
Redondeando a dos cifras significativas: Tf° ≈ -4.7°C
Por lo tanto, el punto de congelación del solvente puro X es aproximadamente -4.7°C.
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