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The molal freezing point depression constant =Kf·3.74°C·kgmol−1 for a certain substance X. When 41.2g of urea NH22CO are dissolved in 650.g of X, the solution freezes at −8.6°C. Calculate the freezing point of pure X.Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Question

The molal freezing point depression constant =Kf·3.74°C·kgmol−1 for a certain substance X. When 41.2g of urea NH22CO are dissolved in 650.g of X, the solution freezes at −8.6°C. Calculate the freezing point of pure X.Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

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Solution

Primero, necesitamos calcular la molalidad (m) de la solución. La molalidad se define como los moles de soluto por kilogramo de solvente.

  1. Calcular los moles de urea (NH₂₂CO):

    • Masa molar de urea (NH₂₂CO): N: 14.01 g/mol H: 1.01 g/mol (2 átomos) C: 12.01 g/mol O: 16.00 g/mol Masa molar = 14.01 + (2 × 1.01) + 12.01 + 16.00 = 60.05 g/mol

    • Moles de urea: Moles = masa / masa molar = 41.2 g / 60.05 g/mol ≈ 0.686 moles

  2. Calcular la masa del solvente en kilogramos:

    • Masa del solvente (X) = 650 g = 0.650 kg
  3. Calcular la molalidad (m):

    • Molalidad (m) = moles de soluto / kg de solvente = 0.686 moles / 0.650 kg ≈ 1.055 m
  4. Usar la ecuación de la depresión del punto de congelación: ΔTf = Kf × m

    • ΔTf = 3.74°C·kg/mol × 1.055 m ≈ 3.94°C
  5. Determinar el punto de congelación del solvente puro (Tf°):

    • La solución congela a -8.6°C, por lo que: Tf° - (-8.6°C) = 3.94°C Tf° + 8.6°C = 3.94°C Tf° = 3.94°C - 8.6°C Tf° ≈ -4.66°C

Redondeando a dos cifras significativas: Tf° ≈ -4.7°C

Por lo tanto, el punto de congelación del solvente puro X es aproximadamente -4.7°C.

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