Define the following terms related to osmosis: Osmotic pressure: Isotonic: Hypotonic: Hypertonic:

Osmotic Pressure: This is the pressure required to prevent the flow of water across a semipermeable membrane via osmosis. It is a measure of the tendency of water to move into one solution from another by osmosis. The higher the osmotic pressure of a solution, the more water wants to move into the solution.

Isotonic: This term refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure, resulting in no net movement of water across the membrane separating them. In biology, it often refers to a cell and its surrounding solution being isotonic to each other, meaning the concentration of solutes outside the cell is the same as inside the cell.

Hypotonic: A solution is said to be hypotonic if its osmotic pressure is lower than that of another solution. In a biological context, if a cell is in a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside of it. This causes water to flow into the cell, which may cause it to swell and possibly burst.

Hypertonic: A solution is hypertonic if its osmotic pressure is higher than that of another solution. In a biological context, if a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it. This causes water to flow out of the cell, which may cause it to shrink.