Which of the following includes landforms, climate, water-bodies, temperature, humidity, air etc?a.Biological Environment b.Physical Environment c.Cultural Environment d.Cognitive Environment

Sure, let's break down the question step by step to find the correct answer.

1. Identify the elements mentioned in the question:

   • Landforms
   • Climate
   • Water-bodies
   • Temperature
   • Humidity
   • Air

2. Understand what each term refers to:

   • Landforms: Natural physical features of the Earth's surface (e.g., mountains, valleys).
   • Climate: The long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.
   • Water-bodies: Any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface (e.g., lakes, rivers, oceans).
   • Temperature: A measure of the warmth or coldness of an environment.
   • Humidity: The amount of water vapor in the air.
   • Air: The invisible gaseous substance surrounding the Earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen.

3. Match these elements to the given options:

   • a. Biological Environment: This typically refers to the living components of the environment, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
   • b. Physical Environment: This refers to the non-living components of the environment, including landforms, climate, water-bodies, temperature, humidity, and air.
   • c. Cultural Environment: This refers to the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, including buildings, roads, and other infrastructure.
   • d. Cognitive Environment: This refers to the mental processes and structures that influence how individuals perceive and interact with their surroundings.

4. Determine the correct answer:

   • The elements listed (landforms, climate, water-bodies, temperature, humidity, air) are all non-living components of the environment.

Therefore, the correct answer is: b. Physical Environment