The flow chart you've provided is for the extraction of aluminum from bauxite, which is an ore of aluminum. Here are the answers to the questions: 1. Write the equation for the reaction in chamber Q. The reaction in chamber Q is the reaction of bauxite with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium aluminate and other byproducts. The chemical equation for this reaction is typically: \[ \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \cdot x\text{H}_2\text{O} + 2\text{NaOH} \rightarrow 2\text{NaAlO}_2 + (x+1)\text{H}_2\text{O} \] Here, \( \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \cdot x\text{H}_2\text{O} \) represents bauxite, which contains aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and a variable amount of water (xH2O). 2. Name residue P. Residue P is likely the undissolved impurities left over after the bauxite has reacted with sodium hydroxide. This residue often contains compounds like silica (SiO2), iron oxides, and other materials that are not soluble in the sodium hydroxide solution. 3. Name processes R and C. Process R is the Bayer process, which involves the treatment of bauxite with sodium hydroxide at high pressure and temperature, resulting in the dissolution of aluminum oxide and the formation of sodium aluminate in solution J. Process C is the Hall-Héroult process, which involves the electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to produce aluminum metal. This process takes place in a cell where aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) and then reduced to aluminum at the cathode.

Study the flow chart of extraction of aluminium below and answer the questions that follow. i) Write the equation for the reaction in chamber Q. (1 mark ii) Name residue P. (1 mark) iii) Name processes R and C. (2 marks)Residue P Bauxite Process R NaOH (aq) Q Solution J Process B Process C Aluminium liquidAl2O3(s)AlOH) 3 (aq) Bauxite Grinders Filtration containing Al(OH)4(aq) / AlO2(aq) Residue Aluminium Hydroxide Aluminium Oxide Molten Aluminium Oxide Gas R Molten Aluminium Process V Process T iv) In process C, a current of 88.0A was passed through molten aluminium oxide for 8 hours. Determine the mass of aluminium produced. (3 marks) (1 Faraday = 96 500 coulombs and Al = 27) v) State two ways by which process B is accomplished. (2 marks) vi) Write an equation for the conversion of aluminium hydroxide into aluminium oxide. (1 mark) b) Explain the following observations: i) Aluminium utensils should not be cleaned with strongly alkaline washing liquids. (1 mark) ii)Aluminium alloys are commonly used in aeroplane construction

Study the flow chart of extraction of aluminium below and answer the questions that follow.(i) Write the equation for the reaction in chamber Q.(1 mark) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Name residue P.(1 mark) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… .(iii) Name processes R and C. (2marks) R………………………………………………………………………………………………….. C………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (iv) In process C, a current of 88.0A was passed through molten aluminium oxide for 8hours. Determine the mass of aluminium produced.(3marks) (1 Faraday = 96 500 coulombs and Al = 27)Residue PBauxiteProcess R NaOH(aq) QSolution JProcess BProcess CAluminiumAl2O3(s) Al(OH)3 (s) CHEMISTRY REVISION 2020 Page 2(v) State two ways by which process B is accomplished. (2marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (vi) Write an equation for the conversion of aluminium hydroxide into aluminium oxide.(1mark)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Explain the following observations:(i) Aluminium utensils should not be cleaned with strongly alkaline washing liquids. (1mark)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… (ii)Aluminium alloys are commonly used in aeroplane construction. (1mark)

Statement 1: Bauxite is an ore of aluminium.Statement 2: Aluminium can be extracted from bauxite by electrolysis.

Aluminium: Syllabus outcome: Know that aluminium is extracted from the ore bauxite by electrolysis Aluminium is a very reactive metal. Please watch this video and answer the questions below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P90li2PHfA Why is aluminium expensive? What can aluminium be used for? What is the aluminium ore called? What aluminium compound is put in the electrolysis cell? What is the compound dissolved in? Where can the pure aluminium be found? You do not have to watch this video, but this is what the process looks like in real life if you are interested. Iron: Syllabus outcomes: Describe and explain the essential reactions in the extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace, including the removal of acidic impurities as slag C + O2 → CO2 C + CO2 → 2CO Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 Please watch this video and answer the questions below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvNuMpxqG7Q How do we normally find metals in the real world? Reacting carbon with metal is a displacement reaction (the carbon takes the place of the metal in the compound) AND a redox reaction. Why is it also a redox reaction? Why is reacting the metal oxide with carbon the preferred way to extract metals where possible? What are the main three metals that we extract using carbon? Iron is extracted from hematite in a blast furnace. You need to know ALL the reactions that happen in the blast furnace and be able to say why each reaction is taking place. Please watch this video and answer the questions below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjBrZCNVt_s What are the three raw materials (the charge) that are added to the blast furnace, and what are their chemical formulas? Where does hot air enter the blast furnace? What are the two reactions that the coke (carbon) takes part in? Which reaction is exothermic (releases heat) and helps to heat the furnace? CO is a reducing agent. What does this mean? What is the overall reaction to the reduction of Fe2O3? What is the main impurity in hematite? What is the thermal decomposition reaction for calcium carbonate? What is the reaction that removes the silicon dioxide? Why can the slag be removed from above the iron? This is another video that goes through all the reactions. Please feel free to watch it if you have more questions about the blast furnace. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irvcgPbGHNc The Blast Furnace: Please label this diagram of the blast furnace and put a screenshot below. https://learningapps.org/watch?v=pgpvo29a320 Screenshot: Please use the information from the videos above, and the sources below, to summarise the most important parts of the blast furnace. You can present the information as dot points (about 10 of them), as a flow diagram, as a mind map, or another way. But please make sure you have the MOST important information summarised in an easy-to-understand and remembered way!! If you would like to draw this in your book that is ok. I would advise you to put a photo of it here so you have all your information in one place though. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zfsk7ty/revision/4 https://docbrown.info/page04/Mextracta.htm https://s-cool.co.uk/gcse/chemistry/extraction-of-metals/revise-it/the-blast-furnace Summary:

This question is about electrolysis, extraction of metals, and properties of materials.Describe the process of extracting aluminium from its ore, including the role of cryolite and the reactions at each electrode. Write half equations where appropriate.