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Suppose the production of a good in a competitive market has a negative externality. Which of the following is true? a) The social marginal cost curve lies to the left of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is less than the allocatively efficient output. b) The social marginal cost curve lies to the left of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is at the allocatively efficient output. c) The social marginal cost curve lies to the left of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is more than the allocatively efficient output. d) The social marginal cost curve lies to the right of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is less than the allocatively efficient output. e) The social marginal cost curve lies to the right of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is more than the allocatively efficient output.

Question

Suppose the production of a good in a competitive market has a negative externality. Which of the following is true? a) The social marginal cost curve lies to the left of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is less than the allocatively efficient output. b) The social marginal cost curve lies to the left of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is at the allocatively efficient output. c) The social marginal cost curve lies to the left of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is more than the allocatively efficient output. d) The social marginal cost curve lies to the right of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is less than the allocatively efficient output. e) The social marginal cost curve lies to the right of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is more than the allocatively efficient output.

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Solution

The correct answer is e) The social marginal cost curve lies to the right of the market supply curve, and the market equilibrium quantity is more than the allocatively efficient output.

Here's why:

  1. In a competitive market with a negative externality, the social marginal cost (SMC) is higher than the private marginal cost (PMC). This is because the SMC includes both the private costs of production and the external costs imposed on society. Therefore, the SMC curve lies to the right of the market supply curve (which is based on PMC).

  2. The market equilibrium quantity is determined where the market supply curve (PMC) intersects with the market demand curve. However, this does not take into account the external costs imposed on society.

  3. The allocatively efficient output is determined where the SMC curve intersects with the market demand curve. This is the output level that maximizes social welfare by taking into account both private and external costs.

  4. Therefore, in a competitive market with a negative externality, the market equilibrium quantity is more than the allocatively efficient output. This is because the market equilibrium does not account for the external costs, leading to overproduction of the good.

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