A new Eukaryotic microorganism is discovered living as an obligate parasite inside an insect host. The organism has no mitochondria, no golgi complex and has a very small genome size of just 2 Mb. What is the most likely explanation for this organism's reduced organelles and genome size? Group of answer choicesthe difficulty of acquiring nucleic acids during growth in the hostthey evolved before most other eukaryotic organismsthe organism has lost genes and organelles during evolution due to their lifestyle as obligate parasitesthat ‘missing’ genes are complemented by a symbiotic algal partner
Question
A new Eukaryotic microorganism is discovered living as an obligate parasite inside an insect host. The organism has no mitochondria, no golgi complex and has a very small genome size of just 2 Mb. What is the most likely explanation for this organism's reduced organelles and genome size? Group of answer choicesthe difficulty of acquiring nucleic acids during growth in the hostthey evolved before most other eukaryotic organismsthe organism has lost genes and organelles during evolution due to their lifestyle as obligate parasitesthat ‘missing’ genes are complemented by a symbiotic algal partner
Solution
The most likely explanation for this organism's reduced organelles and genome size is that the organism has lost genes and organelles during evolution due to their lifestyle as obligate parasites.
This is because obligate parasites are completely dependent on their host for survival and reproduction. Over time, they may lose the need for certain organelles and genes that are not essential for their parasitic lifestyle. This is a process known as reductive evolution.
For example, if the host provides certain nutrients or performs certain functions for the parasite, the parasite may lose the genes and organelles associated with these functions. This can result in a reduced genome size and the absence of certain organelles.
In this case, the absence of mitochondria and the Golgi complex, as well as the small genome size, suggest that this organism has undergone significant reductive evolution, likely due to its lifestyle as an obligate parasite.
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