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You manage a plant that mass-produces engines by teams of workers using assembly machines. The technology is summarized by the production function q  10 KL, where q is the number of engines per week, K is the number of assembly machines, and L is the number of labor teams. Each assembly machine rents for r  $5,000 per week, and each team costs w  $2500 per week. Engine costs are given by the cost of labor teams and machines, plus $2000 per engine for raw materials. Assume your plant has a fixed installation of 5 assembly machines as part of its design. (a) We get the total cost function is TC(q)=25000+2000q, what are average and marginal costs for producing q engines? How do average costs vary with output? (b) How many teams are required to produce 250 engines? What is the average cost per engine? (c) You are asked to make recommendations for the design of a new production facility. What capital/labor (K/L) ratio should the new plant accommodate if it wants to minimize the total cost of producing at any level of output q? (Hint: Here we no longer assume that K is fixed at 5. You need to find the combination of K and L that minimizes cost at any level of output q.)

Question

You manage a plant that mass-produces engines by teams of workers using assembly machines. The technology is summarized by the production function q  10 KL, where q is the number of engines per week, K is the number of assembly machines, and L is the number of labor teams. Each assembly machine rents for r  5,000 per week, and each team costs w  2500 per week. Engine costs are given by the cost of labor teams and machines, plus $2000 per engine for raw materials. Assume your plant has a fixed installation of 5 assembly machines as part of its design. (a) We get the total cost function is TC(q)=25000+2000q, what are average and marginal costs for producing q engines? How do average costs vary with output? (b) How many teams are required to produce 250 engines? What is the average cost per engine? (c) You are asked to make recommendations for the design of a new production facility. What capital/labor (K/L) ratio should the new plant accommodate if it wants to minimize the total cost of producing at any level of output q? (Hint: Here we no longer assume that K is fixed at 5. You need to find the combination of K and L that minimizes cost at any level of output q.)

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Solution

(a) The total cost function is given as TC(q) = 25000 + 2000q.

The average cost (AC) is calculated by dividing the total cost (TC) by the quantity (q). So, AC = TC/q = (25000 + 2000q) / q = 25000/q + 2000.

The marginal cost (MC) is the derivative of the total cost function with respect to quantity. So, MC = d(TC)/dq = 2000.

The average cost decreases as output increases because the fixed cost (25000) is spread over more units. The marginal cost is constant and does not change with the level of output.

(b) The production function is given as q = 10KL. To produce 250 engines, we have 250 = 105L (since K is fixed at 5). Solving for L, we get L = 250 / (10*5) = 5 teams.

The average cost per engine is AC = TC/q = (25000 + 2000*250) / 250 = 25000/250 + 2000 = 100 + 2000 = $2100.

(c) To minimize the total cost of producing at any level of output q, we need to find the combination of K and L that minimizes cost. This is achieved when the marginal product of labor (MPL) equals the marginal product of capital (MPK), i.e., when the ratio of the marginal products equals the ratio of the prices.

From the production function q = 10KL, we have MPL = 10K and MPK = 10L. The ratio of the marginal products is MPL/MPK = K/L.

The ratio of the prices is w/r = 2500/5000 = 0.5.

Setting MPL/MPK = w/r, we get K/L = 0.5.

Therefore, the new plant should accommodate a capital/labor ratio of 0.5 to minimize the total cost of producing at any level of output q.

This problem has been solved

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