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Researchers surveyed 1,150 high school students in CA to estimate the proportion of all high school students who vape. 368 of the surveyed students said they do vape. What is the margin of error of the 95% confidence interval?

Question

Researchers surveyed 1,150 high school students in CA to estimate the proportion of all high school students who vape. 368 of the surveyed students said they do vape. What is the margin of error of the 95% confidence interval?

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Solution

To calculate the margin of error for a 95% confidence interval, we first need to calculate the standard error, then multiply it by the z-score associated with a 95% confidence interval.

  1. Calculate the proportion (p̂) of students who vape: 368 / 1150 = 0.32

  2. Calculate the standard error (SE) using the formula SE = sqrt [ p̂(1 - p̂) / n ], where n is the sample size. So, SE = sqrt [ 0.32(1 - 0.32) / 1150 ] = 0.014

  3. The z-score associated with a 95% confidence interval is approximately 1.96 (you can find this value in a standard z-table or use a calculator that provides it).

  4. Multiply the standard error by the z-score to get the margin of error: 0.014 * 1.96 = 0.02744

So, the margin of error of the 95% confidence interval is approximately 0.02744, or 2.744%. This means we can be 95% confident that the true proportion of all high school students who vape is between 32% - 2.744% and 32% + 2.744%, or between 29.256% and 34.744%.

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