4.Question 4The terrestrial planets appear to have taken much longer to finally assemble than the gas giants did. Which of the following statements about these timescale is NOT true?1 pointOne reason that the gas giant formation timescale is thought to be so fast is that we do not observe stars to have gas around them after they are ~3 Myr oldWe can learn about the timescale of terrestrial planet differentiation by looking at isotopic ratios of hafnium and tungsten.Oligarchs form very quickly through runaway growth but because they are gravitationally isolated it takes a long time for them to assemble into larger bodies.Mars differentiated quickly, so tungsten-182, the radioactive decay product of hafnium, is abundant in Martian meteorites.All of these statements are trueGrowth of the terrestrial planets was slowed by the rapid growth of the gas giants, which caused oligarchs to have have velocities and break apart

Text 1Recent studies on exoplanets have challenged the conventional understanding that gas giants primarily form far from their host stars. In a 2022 analysis of data from the Kepler Space Telescope, researchers identified several gas giants in close proximity to their stars, contradicting the traditional model of planetary formation.Text 2Researchers who have charted the formation of gas giant planets acknowledge that their analysis relies on indirect observational methods, and some scientists argue that alternative explanations, such as planetary migration, could account for the observed distribution of gas giants. While the data suggests the existence of gas giants in close proximity to stars, critics emphasize the need for caution in interpreting these findings and advocate for further observational techniques to validate the conclusions.9Mark for ReviewCross out answer choices you think are wrong.ABCWhich choice best describes how Text 1 and Text 2 relate to each other?AText 1 discusses recent findings challenging established ideas about gas giant formation without favoring any specific explanation, whereas Text 2 raises concerns about the methodology behind those findings.BText 1 argues that the traditional model of gas giant formation is outdated based on recent research, whereas Text 2 proposes a modified version of the traditional model that accommodates the new observations.CText 1 outlines a study on gas giants and addresses criticisms of its methodology, whereas Text 2 provides additional evidence supporting the findings of traditional models.DText 1 presents new observations about gas giants and introduces potential discrepancies, while Text 2 scrutinizes the methodology and suggests alternative explanations for the observed data.

Which of the following is the best description of the formation of a giant planet with a massive core? (at least as described in the lectures!)1 pointPlanetesimals grow through gravitational focusing. Dynamical friction slows the motions of the largest objects leading to runaway growth of oligarchs, which are isolated from other nearby oligarchs. Gas slowly accretes onto the oligarch through an envelope until the pressures are too high to support the envelope and massive amounts of gas collapse making the gas giant.Planetesimals grow through gravitational focusing. Dynamical friction slows the motions of the largest objects leading to runaway growth of oligarchs, which are isolated from other nearby oligarchs. Large numbers of oligarchs merge over hundreds of millions of years, leading to a giant core.Gas slowly accretes onto the oligarch through an envelope until the pressures are too high to support the envelope and massive amounts of gas collapse making the gas giant.Planetesimals grow through gravitational focusing. Dynamical friction slows the motions of the largest objects leading to runaway growth of oligarchs, which are isolated from other nearby oligarchs. The gravitational pull of the oligarch quickly overcomes the rotational and pressure forces from the disk, causing rapid growth of the gaseous atmosphere.In a massive disk the force of gravity in a patch of the disk overcomes the pressure and rotational forces and the patch quickly collapses into a giant planet. The heavy materials sink to the bottom and form the core.Planetesimals grow through gravitational focusing. Dynamical friction speeds the motions of the largest objects leading to more frequent collisions and runaway growth of oligarchs, which are isolated from other nearby oligarchs. Gas slowly accretes onto the oligarch through an envelope until the pressures are too high to support the envelope and massive amounts of gas collapse making the gas giant.

Which of the following statements is correct for dwarf planets?The recommended time to answer this question is 2.5 minutes.Soru 19YanıtTheir centers are hot enough to initiate nuclear reactions that can burn hydrogen.They cleared their orbits from objects similar to them.Celestial bodies such as Ceres and Pluto are considered to be in this classification.They are objects between planets and stars.Their diameters range from about 2 meters to hundreds of kilometers.

6.Question 6Based on our current understanding of the results from the Kepler mission, what is the most common type of planet with orbital periods less than 90 days?1 pointPlanets with masses between that of the Earth and NeptuneSuper earths with solid surfacesPlanets less massive than the EarthSub-Neptunes with ice/rock cores and gas envelopesHot JupitersWater worlds7.Question 7

6.Question 6Based on our current understanding of the results from the Kepler mission, what is the most common type of planet with orbital periods less than 90 days?1 pointPlanets with masses between that of the Earth and NeptuneSuper earths with solid surfacesPlanets less massive than the EarthSub-Neptunes with ice/rock cores and gas envelopesHot JupitersWater worlds