You are analyzing a transportation network graph that represents road connections between cities. To simplify your analysis and reduce computation time, you decide to apply an elementary graph operation. Which operation would you use, and why?a)Addition, to create new road connections between cities to improve navigation.b)Enumeration, to list all road connections for statistical analysis.c)Contraction, to merge closely connected cities into one for simplification.d)Deletion, to remove unnecessary cities and roads from the graph.

Required informationSkip to questionNOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part.What kind of graph from the following table can be used to model a highway system between major cities, where  there is an edge between the vertices representing cities for each interstate highway between them and there is a loop at the vertex representing a city if there is an interstate highway that circles this city?Multiple ChoicePseudographMultigraphSimple graphMixed graph

Have the function ShortestPath(strArr) take strArr which will be an array of strings which models a non-looping Graph. The structure of the array will be as follows: The first element in the array will be the number of nodes N (points) in the array as a string. The next N elements will be the nodes which can be anything (A, B, C .. Brick Street, Main Street .. etc.). Then after the Nth element, the rest of the elements in the array will be the connections between all of the nodes. They will look like this: (A-B, B-C .. Brick Street-Main Street .. etc.). Although, there may exist no connections at all.An example of strArr may be: ["4","A","B","C","D","A-B","B-D","B-C","C-D"]. Your program should return the shortest path from the first Node to the last Node in the array separated by dashes. So in the example above the output should be A-B-D. Here is another example with strArr being ["7","A","B","C","D","E","F","G","A-B","A-E","B-C","C-D","D-F","E-D","F-G"]. The output for this array should be A-E-D-F-G. There will only ever be one shortest path for the array. If no path between the first and last node exists, return -1. The array will at minimum have two nodes. Also, the connection A-B for example, means that A can get to B and B can get to A.

Which of the following ways can be used to represent a graph?

Consider all scenarios in which we have a city on a flat plane in which all roads are straight lines; the points at which two (or more) roads meet are called junctions; and we have two points A and B that are accessible from each other by road.In this question you have to determine whether the following statement is true or false.Among all possible routes between A and B, the shortest route goes through the fewest number of junctions.The following points may be helpful:Consider using a pen and paper to draw a few maps when thinking about this problem.The statement is about all possible scenarios, not just a particular city map that you may happen to draw. The statement is about all maps imaginable (with the above-mentioned properties). Obviously you cannot draw all possible maps, so you need to reason about this problem.The statement is true if you can convince yourself that it holds in all possible maps for all possible pairs of locations A and B. The statement is false if you can draw a map in which the statement does not hold.You can assume all distances are finite.Is the statement true or false?

Describe the economic and political factors involved in building a network of roads, canals, and railroads.