The concept of hybridization is used in molecular orbital theory to explain the formation of molecular orbitals by the combination of atomic orbitals. The type of hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp, etc.) depends on the number of 'electron domains' around a central atom. An electron domain can be a bonding pair of electrons or a lone pair of electrons.

1. NF3 (Nitrogen trifluoride): Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. In NF3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Fluorine atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

2. BH3 (Borane): Boron has 3 valence electrons. In BH3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Hydrogen atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 3 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp2 hybridization.

3. NH3 (Ammonia): Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. In NH3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Hydrogen atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

4. H2O (Water): Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. In H2O, it forms 2 sigma bonds with 2 Hydrogen atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

5. H2S (Hydrogen sulfide): Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. In H2S, it forms 2 sigma bonds with 2 Hydrogen atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

6. BF3 (Boron trifluoride): Boron has 3 valence electrons. In BF3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Fluorine atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 3 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp2 hybridization.

7. SiH4 (Silane): Silicon has 4 valence electrons. In SiH4, it forms 4 sigma bonds with 4 Hydrogen atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

8. BeF2 (Beryllium fluoride): Beryllium has 2 valence electrons. In BeF2, it forms 2 sigma bonds with 2 Fluorine atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 2 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp hybridization.

So, the molecules with sp3 hybridization are NF3, NH3, H2O, H2S, and SiH4.

Question

The concept of hybridization is used in molecular orbital theory to explain the formation of molecular orbitals by the combination of atomic orbitals. The type of hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp, etc.) depends on the number of 'electron domains' around a central atom. An electron domain can be a bonding pair of electrons or a lone pair of electrons.

1. NF3 (Nitrogen trifluoride): Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. In NF3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Fluorine atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

2. BH3 (Borane): Boron has 3 valence electrons. In BH3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Hydrogen atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 3 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp2 hybridization.

3. NH3 (Ammonia): Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. In NH3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Hydrogen atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

4. H2O (Water): Oxygen has 6 valence electrons. In H2O, it forms 2 sigma bonds with 2 Hydrogen atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

5. H2S (Hydrogen sulfide): Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. In H2S, it forms 2 sigma bonds with 2 Hydrogen atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

6. BF3 (Boron trifluoride): Boron has 3 valence electrons. In BF3, it forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 Fluorine atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 3 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp2 hybridization.

7. SiH4 (Silane): Silicon has 4 valence electrons. In SiH4, it forms 4 sigma bonds with 4 Hydrogen atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 4 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp3 hybridization.

8. BeF2 (Beryllium fluoride): Beryllium has 2 valence electrons. In BeF2, it forms 2 sigma bonds with 2 Fluorine atoms and has no lone pair of electrons. So, it has 2 electron domains in total. Hence, it undergoes sp hybridization.

So, the molecules with sp3 hybridization are NF3, NH3, H2O, H2S, and SiH4.

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