Which technique for gathering data (sampling, experiment, simulation, or census) do you think was used in the following studies?(a) An analysis of a sample of 31,000 patients from New York hospitals suggests that the poor and the elderly sue for malpractice at one-fifth the rate of wealthier patients. (Journal of the American Medical Association).samplingexperiment simulationcensus(b) The effects of wind shear on airplanes during both landing and takeoff were studied by using complex computer programs that mimic actual flight.samplingexperiment simulationcensus(c) A study of all league football scores attained through touchdowns and field goals was conducted by the National Football League to determine whether field goals account for more scoring events than touchdowns (USA Today).samplingexperiment simulationcensus(d) An Australian study included 588 men and women who already had some precancerous skin lesions. Half got skin cream containing a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 17; half got an inactive cream. After 7 months, those using the sunscreen with the sun protection had fewer precancerous skin lesions (New England Journal of Medicine).samplingexperiment simulationcensus
Question
Which technique for gathering data (sampling, experiment, simulation, or census) do you think was used in the following studies?(a) An analysis of a sample of 31,000 patients from New York hospitals suggests that the poor and the elderly sue for malpractice at one-fifth the rate of wealthier patients. (Journal of the American Medical Association).samplingexperiment simulationcensus(b) The effects of wind shear on airplanes during both landing and takeoff were studied by using complex computer programs that mimic actual flight.samplingexperiment simulationcensus(c) A study of all league football scores attained through touchdowns and field goals was conducted by the National Football League to determine whether field goals account for more scoring events than touchdowns (USA Today).samplingexperiment simulationcensus(d) An Australian study included 588 men and women who already had some precancerous skin lesions. Half got skin cream containing a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 17; half got an inactive cream. After 7 months, those using the sunscreen with the sun protection had fewer precancerous skin lesions (New England Journal of Medicine).samplingexperiment simulationcensus
Solution
(a) This study likely used a sampling technique. The researchers took a sample of 31,000 patients from New York hospitals and analyzed their data.
(b) This study likely used a simulation technique. The researchers used complex computer programs to mimic the actual flight of airplanes during both landing and takeoff.
(c) This study likely used a census technique. The researchers studied all league football scores attained through touchdowns and field goals.
(d) This study likely used an experiment technique. The researchers divided the participants into two groups, one group got skin cream containing a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 17; the other group got an inactive cream. After 7 months, they compared the results.
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