Atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis (CD) are two types of inflammatory skin diseases that differ in key characteristics. AD is a chronic condition that commonly affects the skin covering several joints, both exposed to environmental allergens as well as covered by clothing, whereas CD is usually confined to skin that comes into contact with allergens or irritants. AD typically involves the epidermal layer of the skin whereas CD may involve both the epidermis and dermis. Skin affected by AD oozes before becoming chronically dry and scaly; inflammation associated with CD typically resolves within days.Although no cures exist for either AD or CD, management of skin inflammation can be achieved through treatments that suppress inflammation. Multiple factors are thought to contribute to the origin of inflammatory skin diseases, including genetic, immune, and environmental causes. Inflammatory skin disease tends to run in families, a phenomenon that may be related to protein defects. For example, an inherited defect in a structural protein synthesized by keratin-producing epithelial cells is thought to be a key driver of AD.Some research suggests that inflammatory skin disease may be related to a hyperactive immune response. Normally, immune cells discriminate between harmful pathogens and harmless substances. If a harmless molecule that commonly touches the skin causes a response as though the molecule were harmful, further contact may produce an inflammatory response.The hypothesis that modern hygiene plays a role in the development of inflammatory skin disease has also been advanced. For example, frequent hand-washing with soap and water may remove skin oils, leaving the skin more sensitive to common irritants. Question 36Presumably, frequent hand-washing leads to skin irritation because:A.chemicals used in soap inhibit the function of neutrophils.B.evaporative cooling of the skin cannot compensate for hand-washing with hot water.C.soap detergents damage immune cells that promote inflammation.D.hand-washing contributes to increased water loss through the skin.
Question
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis (CD) are two types of inflammatory skin diseases that differ in key characteristics. AD is a chronic condition that commonly affects the skin covering several joints, both exposed to environmental allergens as well as covered by clothing, whereas CD is usually confined to skin that comes into contact with allergens or irritants. AD typically involves the epidermal layer of the skin whereas CD may involve both the epidermis and dermis. Skin affected by AD oozes before becoming chronically dry and scaly; inflammation associated with CD typically resolves within days.Although no cures exist for either AD or CD, management of skin inflammation can be achieved through treatments that suppress inflammation. Multiple factors are thought to contribute to the origin of inflammatory skin diseases, including genetic, immune, and environmental causes. Inflammatory skin disease tends to run in families, a phenomenon that may be related to protein defects. For example, an inherited defect in a structural protein synthesized by keratin-producing epithelial cells is thought to be a key driver of AD.Some research suggests that inflammatory skin disease may be related to a hyperactive immune response. Normally, immune cells discriminate between harmful pathogens and harmless substances. If a harmless molecule that commonly touches the skin causes a response as though the molecule were harmful, further contact may produce an inflammatory response.The hypothesis that modern hygiene plays a role in the development of inflammatory skin disease has also been advanced. For example, frequent hand-washing with soap and water may remove skin oils, leaving the skin more sensitive to common irritants. Question 36Presumably, frequent hand-washing leads to skin irritation because:A.chemicals used in soap inhibit the function of neutrophils.B.evaporative cooling of the skin cannot compensate for hand-washing with hot water.C.soap detergents damage immune cells that promote inflammation.D.hand-washing contributes to increased water loss through the skin.
Solution
The statement suggests that frequent hand-washing leads to skin irritation because hand-washing contributes to increased water loss through the skin. This is because the soap and water can remove the skin's natural oils, leaving the skin more sensitive to common irritants.
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