The design of horizontal and vertical alignments, superelevation, and gradient is worst affected by ………………a.Speed of vehicleb.Height of vehiclec.Length of vehicled.Width of vehicle

The design of horizontal and vertical alignments, superelevation, and gradient is worst affected by the speed of the vehicle.

Here's why:

a. Speed of vehicle: This is the correct answer. The design of roads, including horizontal and vertical alignments, superelevation, and gradient, is primarily based on the anticipated speed of vehicles. Higher speeds require wider lanes, larger clear zones, and more gradual curves for safe operation.

b. Height of vehicle: While the height of a vehicle can affect certain design elements, such as clearance under bridges, it does not have a significant impact on the design of road alignments, superelevation, or gradient.

c. Length of vehicle: The length of a vehicle can affect the design of parking spaces and loading zones, but it does not significantly impact the design of road alignments, superelevation, or gradient.

d. Width of vehicle: The width of a vehicle can affect the design of lanes and parking spaces, but it does not significantly impact the design of road alignments, superelevation, or gradient.