Cathode rays are made up of

Cathode rays are made up of electrons.

Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Cathode rays are produced when a high voltage is applied across electrodes in a vacuum tube. The electrode connected to the negative terminal of the power supply is called the cathode.

2. When the voltage is applied, it causes the atoms near the cathode to ionize, or lose their outermost electrons.

3. These free electrons are then attracted to the positive terminal, or anode, creating a stream of particles moving from the cathode to the anode. This stream is what we call cathode rays.

4. Through various experiments, scientists have determined that these particles are negatively charged and have a small mass, characteristics that match those of electrons. Therefore, we can conclude that cathode rays are made up of electrons.

Cathode rays are made up of electrons.

Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Cathode rays are produced when a high voltage is applied across electrodes in a vacuum tube. The electrode connected to the negative terminal of the power supply is called the cathode, and it emits rays during the process, hence the name "cathode rays."

2. These rays travel from the cathode to the anode, which is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply.

3. The nature of cathode rays was discovered through experiments in the late 19th century. One of the key experiments involved applying a magnetic field to the vacuum tube and observing that the cathode rays were deflected in a manner consistent with them being negatively charged particles.

4. Further experiments showed that the properties of these particles (such as their charge-to-mass ratio) were the same regardless of the material used for the cathode. This led to the conclusion that the particles were a fundamental component of all matter.

5. These particles were later named "electrons," and they are the constituents of cathode rays.