Twice Told Tales: Footprints on the Sea-Shoreby Nathaniel Hawthorne     A greeting and a homage to the Sea! I descend over its margin, and dip my hand into the wave that meets me, and bathe my brow. That far-resounding roar is Ocean's voice of welcome. His salt breath brings a blessing along with it. Now let us pace together—the reader's fancy arm in arm with mine—this noble beach, which extends a mile or more from that craggy promontory to yonder rampart of broken rocks. In front, the sea; in the rear, a precipitous bank, the grassy verge of which is breaking away, year after year, and flings down its tufts of verdure upon the barrenness below. The beach itself is a broad space of sand, brown and sparkling, with hardly any pebbles intermixed. Near the water's edge there is a wet margin, which glistens brightly in the sunshine, and reflects objects like a mirror; and as we tread along the glistening border, a dry spot flashes around each footstep, but grows moist again, as we lift our feet. In some spots, the sand receives a complete impression of the sole, square toe and all; elsewhere it is of such marble firmness, that we must stamp heavily to leave a print even of the iron-shod heel.12Select the correct answer.Which detail from the passage could most likely be shown in a visual representation? A. His salt breath B. the reader’s fancy arm in arm with mine C. Ocean's voice of welcome D. a precipitous bank, the grassy verge

Barnacles1by Sidney LanierMy soul is sailing through the sea,But the Past is heavy and hindereth me.The Past hath crusted cumbrous shellsThat hold the flesh of cold sea-mells5 About my soul.The huge waves wash, the high waves roll,Each barnacle clingeth and worketh doleAnd hindereth me from sailing!Old Past, let go, and drop i' the sea10 Till fathomless waters cover thee!For I am living, but thou art dead;Thou drawest back, I strive aheadThe Day to find.Thy shells unbind! Night comes behind;15 I needs must hurry with the windAnd trim me best for sailing.________________________________________________1. small shellfish that attach themselves to ships and rocks10Select the correct answer.Which sentence best expresses a theme of “Barnacles”? A. The past can keep a person from making progress. B. Learning from past experiences is the only way to move forward. C. It is important to maintain one’s possessions in good condition. D. Moving against the tide can be difficult and lonely.

When we came to land, we saw no river or spring, nor any sign of inhabitants. Our men therefore wandered on the shore to find out some fresh water near the sea, and I walked alone about a mile on the other side, where I observed the country all barren and rocky. I now began to be weary, and seeing nothing to entertain my curiosity, I returned gently down toward the creek; and the sea being full in my view, I saw our men already got into the boat, and rowing for life to the ship. I was going to holla after them, although it had been to little purpose, when I observed a huge creature walking after them in the sea, as fast as he could; he waded not much deeper than his knees, and took prodigious strides; but our men had the start of him about half a league, and the sea thereabouts being full of pointed rocks, the monster was not able to overtake the boat. This I was afterwards told, for I durst not stay to see the issue of the adventure; but ran as fast as I could the way I first went, and then climbed up a steep hill, which gave me some prospect of the country. I found it fully cultivated; but that which first surprised me was the length of the grass, which, in those grounds that seemed to be kept for hay, was about twenty feet high.10Drag each tile to the correct location on the image.Identify which details are most important or less important for an objective summary of the excerpt.and I walked alone about a mile onthe other side, where I observed thecountry all barren and rocky.I durst not stay to see the issue of theadventure; but ran as fast as I couldthe way I first went . . .I saw our men already got into theboat, and rowing for life to the ship.I observed a huge creature walkingafter them in the sea, as fast as hecould . . .I found it fully cultivated . . .

In 2020, 11-year-old Ruby Reynolds and her dad, Justin, were walking around Blue Anchor Beach in England. That’s when they discovered a fragment of an ancient sea beast.They spotted a four-inch-long, oval-shaped fossil. Then Ruby found a second piece of fossilized bone about twice as big. Fossils are the remains of plants, animals and other tiny living things that have been replaced by rock material.Zoom inAn interpretive illustration shows what the Ichthyotitan severnensis might have looked like when it swam the seas. Illustration: Gabriel Ugueto/Washington PostRuby and Justin returned home to do some research. They concluded that the fossil was from an ichthyosaur. This was an ancient marine reptile. It was shaped like a modern-day dolphin.Next, Ruby and her dad emailed Dean Lomax. He’s a paleontologist at the University of Manchester in England. Paleontologists are scientists who use fossils to study the history of life on Earth.Lomax said he gets a couple of hundred messages a year from people sending photos of potential prehistoric fossils.“[Most] of the time, it turns out to be an odd-shaped rock. You have to politely and gently let them down,” Lomax said. But Justin and Ruby’s email was a rare exception.Ruby and Justin were right: The fossil did come from an ichthyosaur. In fact, it was a new species of ichthyosaur. A species is a group of similar living things that can mate and reproduce successfully to make offspring.This particular ichthyosaur lived about 202 million years ago. The father-daughter duo helped describe the prehistoric creature in a new study. In April, scientists published the study in a scientific journal.A Mysterious Gap In The Fossil RecordRuby and her dad only found pieces of the animal’s lower jawbone. But paleontologists estimate that the entire creature could have stretched 80 feet. That’s 24 meters. It could be the biggest marine reptile ever discovered.Ichthyosaurs were marine reptiles that swam the seas during the age of dinosaurs. They emerged about 250 million years ago. There were at least 150 different types of ichthyosaurs.Zoom inLilstock Beach and Blue Anchor Beach are roughly 8 miles (13km) apart. Fragments of the ichthyosaur were found at both locations. Map: Newsela staffIn 2018, Lomax and colleagues made a similar discovery in nearby Lilstock Beach. They found fragments of a jawbone of a different giant ichthyosaur there. It also lived about 202 million years ago.Scientists have not found many other ichthyosaur fossils from this time period. That’s why the discovery is important. It helps scientists fill in a gap in the fossil record. The fossil record is the collection of all fossils that document the history of life on Earth.Finding two fossils from a similar time period gave the scientists the confidence to say it is a newly identified species. They named it Ichthyotitan severnensis.A Very Large IchthyosaurTo figure out the size of the new specimen based on its jaw alone, scientists made comparisons with other giant ichthyosaurs. But that still leaves some uncertainty.Lars Schmitz is a paleontologist at Claremont McKenna College in California. He said that he doesn’t care whether this newly discovered creature is the largest ichthyosaur ever found. What matters is that it is very big.The fossil’s large size provides a clue about how these marine reptiles evolved. Evolution is a process by which species undergo changes over time. These changes usually result in a new type of creature that is better suited for its environment than the earlier type.Ichthyosaurs evolved their large body size relatively quickly, but a mass extinction event about 201 million years ago seems to have wiped out the giants. A mass extinction event is when species go extinct, or disappear permanently, much faster than they are replaced. So far, only smaller ichthyosaurs appear to have survived the mass extinction event.Lomax hopes this new fossil discovery will make fossil hunters in the region revisit their collections and keep their eyes open. They might turn up bones from other giant ichthyosaurs.Ruby, who is now 15, says she’d love to find the rest of the fossil.

The _____________ of the sunken ship washed ashore and littered the beach.examplequalitysurfacewreckage

Select the correct answer.Read the adapted excerpt from Moby Dick by Herman Melville.In the year 1820, the ship Essex, run by Captain Pollard of Nantucket, was cruising in the Pacific Ocean. One day she saw spouts, lowered her boats, and gave chase to a shoal of sperm whales. Ere long, several of the whales were wounded; when, suddenly, a very large whale escaping from the boats, issued from the shoal, and bore directly down upon the ship. Dashing his forehead against her hull, he so crushed her in, that in less than “ten minutes” she settled down and fell over. Not a surviving plank of her has been seen since. After the severest exposure, part of the crew reached the land in their boats. Being returned home at last, Captain Pollard once more sailed for the Pacific in command of another ship, but was shipwrecked again upon unknown rocks and breakers; for the second time his ship was utterly lost, and forthwith forswearing the sea, he has never tempted it since.Which choice provides the best objective summary of the excerpt? A. Whaling ships sail at extreme risk. The Essex was lost at sea when it was viciously attacked by a whale. On another voyage, another ship ran into rocks and breakers. B. The Essex, while sailing in the Pacific, encounters a very large whale that destroys it. The captain, on a second voyage, loses another ship on unseen rocks and decides to stop going on sea voyages. C. Captain Pollard seems to have had the worst time at sea. First, he loses a ship to a whale crushing it, then he loses his second ship when it hits rocks. D. A large whale destroys the Essex in 1820. The captain survives and then is most unlucky when he also loses that ship on rocks.