Choose 3 of the 4 questions below and write an essay response to your chosen questions. You may use any notes and resources at your disposal to answer the questions (i.e., open notes). While the use of any resources to properly address the questions is encouraged, please ensure that all work is your own by synthesizing, summarizing, and citing the information you use.Research and pick any disorder, illness, condition, or disease associated with hormone dysregulation and dysfunction. Be sure to define and summarize characteristics of the disease (e.g., what hormones are involved, etc.), describe its symptoms, cover the anatomy and physiology of the disease that leads to dysfunction (i.e., any brain or hormone structural and functional abnormalities that contribute to the disease), and outline any treatments for the disease by briefly describing how the treatment works.Describe hormone replacement therapy and provide an example of a treatment by describing how it works.Research a synthetic hormone and describe its function (i.e., its mechanism of action, how it works, and what it does or results in functionally/behaviorally).Research article. Please research, select, and summarize a primary source journal article that studies one of the following topics. Journal articles can focus on anything related to the topics below (i.e., human behavior, animal behavior, chiropractic treatment of disorders, brain lesions, drug treatment, drug abuse, endocrine/homeostatic dysfunction, etc.).

1. Disease Associated with Hormone Dysregulation: Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease associated with hormone dysregulation and dysfunction. It is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. Symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. The disease can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness if not properly managed. The exact cause of diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatments for diabetes include lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, oral medications, and insulin therapy. Insulin therapy works by supplementing or replacing the body's natural insulin, thereby helping to regulate blood sugar levels.

2. Hormone Replacement Therapy: Menopause Treatment

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment used to relieve symptoms of menopause in women. During menopause, the body's production of estrogen and progesterone decreases, leading to symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. HRT works by replacing these hormones, thereby relieving symptoms. There are two main types of HRT: estrogen-only therapy (ET) and estrogen plus progestin therapy (EPT). ET is typically prescribed for women who have had a hysterectomy, while EPT is used for women who still have their uterus, as it helps to protect against uterine cancer.

3. Synthetic Hormone: Levothyroxine

Levothyroxine is a synthetic hormone used to treat hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine works by replacing or supplementing the thyroid hormone, thereby helping to restore normal energy and metabolism levels. It is typically taken orally once a day, and dosage is adjusted based on blood tests to ensure the correct amount of hormone is being received. Side effects can include increased heart rate, nervousness, and weight loss.