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For every glucose molecule, how many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs Cycle via substrate-level phosphorylation?

Question

For every glucose molecule, how many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs Cycle via substrate-level phosphorylation?

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Solution

In the Krebs Cycle, for every glucose molecule, two ATP molecules are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation. Here's the step-by-step process:

  1. Glycolysis: One glucose molecule (6 carbons) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons each). This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

  2. Transition Reaction: Each pyruvate molecule is converted into Acetyl CoA (2 carbons) and enters the mitochondria. This step does not produce ATP.

  3. Krebs Cycle: Each Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs Cycle. For each round of the Krebs Cycle, 1 ATP is produced via substrate-level phosphorylation. Since 2 Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from one glucose molecule, this means 2 ATP are produced in the Krebs Cycle per glucose molecule.

So, in total, 2 ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs Cycle via substrate-level phosphorylation for every glucose molecule.

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