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What do elements in the same group have in common?

Question

What do elements in the same group have in common?

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Solution

Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the following in common:

  1. Same Number of Valence Electrons: Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical reactions.

  2. Similar Chemical Properties: Because they have the same number of valence electrons, elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties. For example, all elements in Group 1 (except hydrogen) are alkali metals, and they are all highly reactive.

  3. Trend in Physical Properties: There is a trend in physical properties like atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity down the group.

  4. Same Oxidation State: Elements in the same group have the same oxidation state in their compounds. For example, all elements in Group 1 have an oxidation state of +1 in their compounds.

  5. Trend in Reactivity: There is a trend in reactivity down the group. For example, in Group 1, reactivity increases down the group, while in Group 17, reactivity decreases down the group.

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True or false? Elements within a group show similar chemical properties to each other.

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