When you exercise, your muscle cells need more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide. You breathe more deeply and quickly, and your heart beats harder and faster. Using your knowledge of body systems, explain how these facts about cells, breathing and the heart are connected. You can create a diagram or upload a photo of a diagram you have drawn.

As a runner begins to run a race, his or her respiration rate will increase. The runner begins to breathe deeper and at a rapid rate. In addition, the heart beats more quickly. This will result in more oxygen delivered to the muscle cells. Which two body systems are working together to help out the muscle cells?

In the human body, muscle cells have an increased need for energy during exercise.  To help supply this energy, the cells will contain more of which organelle?

Aerobic activity trains the ________, ________, and cardiovascular system to process and deliver oxygen more quickly and efficiently to every part of the body.

Exercise is associated with alterations to many basic physiological processes, including changes in metabolism and the cardiovascular system.  As the intensity of exercise rises, both the cardiac output and oxygen consumption increase, as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1  Changes in cardiac output and oxygen consumption in response to various levels of exerciseThe cardiac output CO represents the volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute.  The CO is calculated from the heart rate HR and stroke volume SV using the equationCO = HR ∙ SVEquation 1Experimental data has shown that the HR increases linearly with the exercise output Eout, leading to the relationshipHR = 0.65 ∙ Eout + 75Equation 2The metabolism of nutrients consumes oxygen and generates carbon dioxide as a waste product.  The amount of carbon dioxide generated depends on the type of macronutrient that is consumed.  For example, when carbohydrates are metabolized, every liter of oxygen consumed causes the generation of 1.0 liter of carbon dioxide.  Alternatively, the metabolism of fats leads to 0.7 liters of carbon dioxide per liter of oxygen, and the metabolism of proteins generates 0.8 liters of carbon dioxide for each liter of oxygen. Question 56While exercising on a treadmill, a person has a cardiac output of 15 L/min and produces carbon dioxide at 0.091 mol/min.  What is their ratio of metabolizing carbohydrates to fats during the exercise?  (Assume all gasses are ideal and are at STP.)A.1:2B.1:1C.1:0D.2:1Submit

The increase in cardiac output that occurs during exercise is due to_________