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At a college, 65% of courses have final exams and 42% of courses require research papers. Suppose that 31% of courses have a research paper and a final exam.Part (a)Find the probability that a course has a final exam or a research paper.Part (b)Find the probability that a course has neither of these two requirements.

Question

At a college, 65% of courses have final exams and 42% of courses require research papers. Suppose that 31% of courses have a research paper and a final exam.Part (a)Find the probability that a course has a final exam or a research paper.Part (b)Find the probability that a course has neither of these two requirements.

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Solution

Part (a) The probability that a course has a final exam or a research paper can be found using the formula for the probability of the union of two events: P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B).

Here, event A is the event that a course has a final exam and event B is the event that a course requires a research paper.

P(A) = 0.65 (the probability that a course has a final exam) P(B) = 0.42 (the probability that a course requires a research paper) P(A ∩ B) = 0.31 (the probability that a course has both a final exam and a research paper)

Substituting these values into the formula gives:

P(A U B) = 0.65 + 0.42 - 0.31 = 0.76

So, the probability that a course has a final exam or a research paper is 0.76 or 76%.

Part (b) The probability that a course has neither of these two requirements is the complement of the probability that a course has either a final exam or a research paper. This can be found using the formula P(A' U B') = 1 - P(A U B).

Substituting the value from part (a) into this formula gives:

P(A' U B') = 1 - 0.76 = 0.24

So, the probability that a course has neither a final exam nor a research paper is 0.24 or 24%.

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