In Frequency Modulation –*2 pointsAmplitude of the carrier remains sameFrequency of the carrier varies in accordance with the modulating signalThe number of side bands are infinite

In Frequency Modulation (FM), the frequency of the carrier wave is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, while the amplitude of the carrier remains constant. This is the fundamental principle of FM.

Here are the steps to understand this:

1. In FM, the information signal (modulating signal) is used to vary the frequency of the carrier wave. The carrier wave is a high frequency signal that can travel long distances.

2. The amplitude of the carrier wave remains constant in FM. This means that the strength or power of the signal remains the same, regardless of the information being transmitted.

3. The frequency of the carrier wave varies in accordance with the modulating signal. When the modulating signal is high, the frequency of the carrier wave increases. When the modulating signal is low, the frequency of the carrier wave decreases.

4. The number of sidebands in FM is theoretically infinite. Sidebands are the frequencies produced on either side of the carrier frequency, due to the process of modulation. In reality, most of the power is contained within a finite number of these sidebands, and the rest can be ignored without significant loss of information.

5. The result of this frequency variation is a new waveform that is a combination of the carrier and the modulating signal. This new waveform can then be transmitted over long distances.

6. At the receiving end, the process of demodulation is used to extract the original information signal from the modulated carrier wave.