1) Introduction - Judgement: The war between England and Spain in the late 16th century was a complex event with multiple causes. While religious rivalry, particularly following Elizabeth's religious settlement and the Pope's excommunication of Elizabeth, played a significant role, it was not the sole cause. Political and economic factors also contributed significantly to the outbreak of war.

2) Religion: The religious tension between Protestant England and Catholic Spain was a significant factor in the war. Elizabeth's religious settlement, which established Protestantism as the state religion, was seen as a direct challenge to Catholic Spain. Furthermore, the Pope's excommunication of Elizabeth in 1570, which declared her a heretic and released her subjects from their allegiance, heightened tensions. Elizabeth's actions against English Catholics, including the execution of Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic claimant to the English throne, further inflamed religious rivalry.

3) Politics: Political factors also played a role in the war. England's support for the Dutch rebels in their war of independence against Spanish rule was a significant source of conflict. This was particularly the case after the appointment of Robert Dudley, a close ally of Elizabeth, as the leader of the English forces in the Netherlands.

4) Economics: Economic rivalry also contributed to the outbreak of war. English privateers, notably Sir Francis Drake, regularly attacked Spanish ships returning from the New World, seizing their valuable cargoes. This not only damaged the Spanish economy but also challenged Spain's claim to exclusive rights to the New World. The raid on Cadiz by Drake in 1587, which destroyed a significant part of the Spanish fleet, was a direct provocation that helped trigger the war.

5) Conclusion: In conclusion, while religious rivalry was a significant factor in the war between England and Spain, it was not the main cause. Political and economic factors, particularly England's support for the Dutch rebels and the attacks by English privateers on Spanish ships, were equally, if not more, important. Therefore, it can be argued that the war was the result of a combination of religious, political and economic rivalries.

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1) Introduction - Judgement: The war between England and Spain in the late 16th century was a complex event with multiple causes. While religious rivalry, particularly following Elizabeth's religious settlement and the Pope's excommunication of Elizabeth, played a significant role, it was not the sole cause. Political and economic factors also contributed significantly to the outbreak of war.

2) Religion: The religious tension between Protestant England and Catholic Spain was a significant factor in the war. Elizabeth's religious settlement, which established Protestantism as the state religion, was seen as a direct challenge to Catholic Spain. Furthermore, the Pope's excommunication of Elizabeth in 1570, which declared her a heretic and released her subjects from their allegiance, heightened tensions. Elizabeth's actions against English Catholics, including the execution of Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic claimant to the English throne, further inflamed religious rivalry.

3) Politics: Political factors also played a role in the war. England's support for the Dutch rebels in their war of independence against Spanish rule was a significant source of conflict. This was particularly the case after the appointment of Robert Dudley, a close ally of Elizabeth, as the leader of the English forces in the Netherlands.

4) Economics: Economic rivalry also contributed to the outbreak of war. English privateers, notably Sir Francis Drake, regularly attacked Spanish ships returning from the New World, seizing their valuable cargoes. This not only damaged the Spanish economy but also challenged Spain's claim to exclusive rights to the New World. The raid on Cadiz by Drake in 1587, which destroyed a significant part of the Spanish fleet, was a direct provocation that helped trigger the war.

5) Conclusion: In conclusion, while religious rivalry was a significant factor in the war between England and Spain, it was not the main cause. Political and economic factors, particularly England's support for the Dutch rebels and the attacks by English privateers on Spanish ships, were equally, if not more, important. Therefore, it can be argued that the war was the result of a combination of religious, political and economic rivalries.

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1) Introduction - Judgement: The war between England and Spain in the late 16th century was a complex event with multiple causes. While religious rivalry, particularly following Elizabeth's religious settlement and the Pope's excommunication of Elizabeth, played a significant role, it was not the sole cause. Political and economic factors also contributed significantly to the outbreak of war.

2) Religion: The religious tension between Protestant England and Catholic Spain was a significant factor in the war. Elizabeth's religious settlement, which established Protestantism as the state religion, was seen as a direct challenge to Catholic Spain. Furthermore, the Pope's excommunication of Elizabeth in 1570, which declared her a heretic and released her subjects from their allegiance, heightened tensions. Elizabeth's actions against English Catholics, including the execution of Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic claimant to the English throne, further inflamed religious rivalry.

3) Politics: Political factors also played a role in the war. England's support for the Dutch rebels in their war of independence against Spanish rule was a significant source of conflict. This was particularly the case after the appointment of Robert Dudley, a close ally of Elizabeth, as the leader of the English forces in the Netherlands.

4) Economics: Economic rivalry also contributed to the outbreak of war. English privateers, notably Sir Francis Drake, regularly attacked Spanish ships returning from the New World, seizing their valuable cargoes. This not only damaged the Spanish economy but also challenged Spain's claim to exclusive rights to the New World. The raid on Cadiz by Drake in 1587, which destroyed a significant part of the Spanish fleet, was a direct provocation that helped trigger the war.

5) Conclusion: In conclusion, while religious rivalry was a significant factor in the war between England and Spain, it was not the main cause. Political and economic factors, particularly England's support for the Dutch rebels and the attacks by English privateers on Spanish ships, were equally, if not more, important. Therefore, it can be argued that the war was the result of a combination of religious, political and economic rivalries.

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