All the forms mentioned are based on the concept of functional dependency. Here's a brief explanation for each:

a. 2NF (Second Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 2NF if every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on the primary key.

b. 1NF (First Normal Form): This is the most basic level of normalization. A table is in 1NF if it contains no repeating groups of data, which means it has a primary key. This is not directly based on functional dependency, but the concept of primary key is related to functional dependency.

c. 3NF (Third Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 3NF if for every non-trivial functional dependency X - A, either X is a superkey or A is a prime attribute. In other words, it should be in 2NF and there should be no transitive functional dependency.

d. 4NF (Fourth Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 4NF if for every non-trivial multivalued dependency X - Y, X is a superkey. This is an extension of the concept of functional dependency to include more complex dependencies.

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All the forms mentioned are based on the concept of functional dependency. Here's a brief explanation for each:

a. 2NF (Second Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 2NF if every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on the primary key.

b. 1NF (First Normal Form): This is the most basic level of normalization. A table is in 1NF if it contains no repeating groups of data, which means it has a primary key. This is not directly based on functional dependency, but the concept of primary key is related to functional dependency.

c. 3NF (Third Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 3NF if for every non-trivial functional dependency X -> A, either X is a superkey or A is a prime attribute. In other words, it should be in 2NF and there should be no transitive functional dependency.

d. 4NF (Fourth Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 4NF if for every non-trivial multivalued dependency X ->> Y, X is a superkey. This is an extension of the concept of functional dependency to include more complex dependencies.

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All the forms mentioned are based on the concept of functional dependency. Here's a brief explanation for each:

a. 2NF (Second Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 2NF if every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on the primary key.

b. 1NF (First Normal Form): This is the most basic level of normalization. A table is in 1NF if it contains no repeating groups of data, which means it has a primary key. This is not directly based on functional dependency, but the concept of primary key is related to functional dependency.

c. 3NF (Third Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 3NF if for every non-trivial functional dependency X -> A, either X is a superkey or A is a prime attribute. In other words, it should be in 2NF and there should be no transitive functional dependency.

d. 4NF (Fourth Normal Form): A relation schema R is in 4NF if for every non-trivial multivalued dependency X ->> Y, X is a superkey. This is an extension of the concept of functional dependency to include more complex dependencies.

Which forms are based on the concept of functional dependency:a.2NFb.1NFc.3NFd.4NF

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