How can the privity rule be circumvented?Question 4Select one or more:a) Estoppel may be asserted by the person seeking to take the benefit of the contract.b) By the parties to a contract conferring a benefit on a non-party.c) The person seeking to take the benefit of the contract may be able to claim misleading or deceptive conduct.d) There may be an entitlement to claim damages in tort by the person seeking to benefit under the contract.

The Doctrine of Privity states that only parties to a contract may _____or ______under the contract.

The term 'privity of contract' refers to:Group of answer choicesthe fact that an auditor appointed to conduct a statutory audit cannot reduce their liability by contractthe mandatory requirement that there must be an engagement letter setting out the terms of the audit contractthe fact that an audit is to be performed in accordance with professional standardsthe contractual relationship that exists between two or more contracting parties

When is promissory estoppel in effect?Multiple choice question.When a party to the contract knew, or had reason to know, that reliance would be detrimental to the performance of the contractWhen the party's reliance is to his or her own detrimentWhen the party's reliance is detrimental to a third partyWhen the party's reliance was not foreseeable by the unaffected party

Promissory estoppel requires what major element to exist?Multiple choice question.Both parties deny the existence of a contractDetrimental reliance by the injured partyAn agent who conducts actions against the interest of a principalA contract that is profitable to all parties

‘In the last twenty years, vicarious liability in tort has undergone atransformation.’ (Giliker, P. (2021))Review the recent Supreme Court decisions which have led to theexpansion of vicarious liability and explain its attempts to stem the flowof cases.