3 . 5 Table 1 shows data about different ways to power electric cars. Table 1 Hydrogen fuel cell Rechargeable lithium-ion battery Time taken to refuel or recharge in minutes 5 30 Distance travelled before refuelling or recharging in miles Up to 415 Up to 240 Distance travelled per unit of energy in km 22 66 Cost of refuelling or recharging in £ 50 3 Minimum cost of car in £ 60 000 18 000 Evaluate the use of hydrogen fuel cells compared with rechargeable lithium-ion batteries to power electric cars. Use Table 1 and your own knowledge.
Question
3 . 5 Table 1 shows data about different ways to power electric cars. Table 1 Hydrogen fuel cell Rechargeable lithium-ion battery Time taken to refuel or recharge in minutes 5 30 Distance travelled before refuelling or recharging in miles Up to 415 Up to 240 Distance travelled per unit of energy in km 22 66 Cost of refuelling or recharging in £ 50 3 Minimum cost of car in £ 60 000 18 000 Evaluate the use of hydrogen fuel cells compared with rechargeable lithium-ion batteries to power electric cars. Use Table 1 and your own knowledge.
Solution
When evaluating the use of hydrogen fuel cells compared to rechargeable lithium-ion batteries to power electric cars, several factors come into play according to Table 1.
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Refuelling/Recharging Time: Hydrogen fuel cells take significantly less time to refuel, only 5 minutes compared to 30 minutes for lithium-ion batteries. This could be a significant advantage in situations where time is a critical factor.
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Distance Travelled: Cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells can travel a greater distance before needing to refuel, up to 415 miles compared to 240 miles for lithium-ion batteries. This gives hydrogen fuel cells an advantage in terms of range.
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Distance Travelled per Unit of Energy: However, lithium-ion batteries are more efficient in terms of distance travelled per unit of energy, with 66 km compared to 22 km for hydrogen fuel cells. This means that, despite the shorter range, cars powered by lithium-ion batteries use their energy more efficiently.
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Cost of Refuelling/Recharging: It is significantly cheaper to recharge a lithium-ion battery (£3) than to refuel a hydrogen fuel cell (£50). This could make a significant difference in the long-term running costs of the car.
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Cost of Car: Cars powered by lithium-ion batteries are also significantly cheaper to purchase, with a minimum cost of £18,000 compared to £60,000 for hydrogen fuel cell cars. This makes them more accessible to a wider range of consumers.
In conclusion, while hydrogen fuel cells offer advantages in terms of refuelling time and range, lithium-ion batteries are more efficient, cheaper to run, and cheaper to purchase. Therefore, based on the data in Table 1, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries seem to be a more cost-effective and efficient choice for powering electric cars. However, other factors such as the environmental impact of producing the energy sources and the infrastructure available for refuelling/recharging could also be important considerations.
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