Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about poorly worded questions.When the wording of a survey or poll question influences respondents’ answers, its construct validity is weakened. For instance, a question with wording that encourages a particular response is called a – question. A – question using phrases such as “should never not” can be cognitively difficult and confusing to respondents. And researchers cannot be sure which part of the question people are responding to in a – question—a question that poses two questions.negatively wordedleadingLikert scaledouble-barreled

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the shortcuts that survey and poll respondents sometimes use.If respondents become fatigued or are unengaged in a survey, they may answer questions in a general pattern without really considering their honest responses. This is known as using a(n) –. If respondents continually select “yes,” they are participating in –. If respondents select all middle options, they are participating in –. With sensitive topics, sometimes respondents answer in a way that aligns with what they believe everyone else thinks, in a way that makes them look good, or in a way they think the researcher would like them to answer. This is called –.response setfence sittingdouble-barreled questionfaking badacquiescencesocially desirable responding

Researchers must avoid negative questions when writing a survey. What are negative questions?Group of answer choicesquestions that ask about two different topicsquestions that let the respondent know how the researcher hopes they will answerquestions that belittle or insult a group or individualquestions that ask respondents what they do not think rather than what they do think

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about question formats.Respondents are asked to choose a number corresponding to how much they agree or disagree in – questions. Respondents can provide as much or as little information as they would like in – questions, while – questions ask respondents to choose between two or more options.semantic differential formatforced-choiceLikert scaleopen-endednegatively worded

Special care should be taken with true and false questions that contain negative words such as “not” and “cannot.“Group of answer choicesFalseTrue

Sources of polling error can includeGroup of answer choicesuse of random telephone polling.unrepresentative samples.respondents' lack of knowledge or interest in the issue.question wording.All these answers are correct.