Q3 Consider total cost and total revenue given in the following table: Quantity: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Total cost: $8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 19, 27, 37 Total revenue: $0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 a) Calculate profit for each quantity. How much should the firm produce to maximise profit? b) Calculate marginal revenue and marginal cost for each quantity. Graph them. (Hint: Put the points between whole numbers. For example, the marginal cost between 2 and 3 should be graphed at 2/2.) At what quantity do these curves cross? How does this relate to your answer to part (a)? c) Can you tell whether this firm is in a competitive industry? If so,can you tell whether the industry is in a long-run equilibrium?
Question
Q3
Consider total cost and total revenue given in the following table: Quantity: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Total cost: 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56
a) Calculate profit for each quantity. How much should the firm produce to maximise profit?
b) Calculate marginal revenue and marginal cost for each quantity. Graph them. (Hint: Put the points between whole numbers. For example, the marginal cost between 2 and 3 should be graphed at 2/2.) At what quantity do these curves cross? How does this relate to your answer to part (a)?
c) Can you tell whether this firm is in a competitive industry? If so,can you tell whether the industry is in a long-run equilibrium?
Solution
a) Profit is calculated by subtracting total cost from total revenue for each quantity.
Quantity: 0, Profit: 8 = -8 - 1 Quantity: 2, Profit: 10 = 24 - 13 Quantity: 4, Profit: 13 = 40 - 21 Quantity: 6, Profit: 27 = 56 - 19
The firm should produce 5 or 6 units to maximize profit.
b) Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue divided by the change in quantity. Marginal cost is the change in total cost divided by the change in quantity.
Quantity: 1, Marginal Revenue: (0) / (1 - 0) = 9 - 1 Quantity: 2, Marginal Revenue: (8) / (2 - 1) = 10 - 1 Quantity: 3, Marginal Revenue: (16) / (3 - 2) = 11 - 1 Quantity: 4, Marginal Revenue: (24) / (4 - 3) = 13 - 2 Quantity: 5, Marginal Revenue: (32) / (5 - 4) = 19 - 6 Quantity: 6, Marginal Revenue: (40) / (6 - 5) = 27 - 8 Quantity: 7, Marginal Revenue: (48) / (7 - 6) = 37 - 10
The marginal cost and marginal revenue curves cross at a quantity of 6. This is consistent with the answer to part (a) that the firm should produce 5 or 6 units to maximize profit.
c) If the firm is in a competitive industry, it will continue to produce until marginal cost equals marginal revenue. Since this is the case at a quantity of 6, it suggests that the firm is in a competitive industry. However, without information on the average cost of production, it's not possible to determine whether the industry is in a long-run equilibrium.
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