Identify and describe the Stack and Queues as an Abstract Data Type (ADT).
Question
Identify and describe the Stack and Queues as an Abstract Data Type (ADT).
Solution
Stack and Queue are both linear data structures, but they differ in how elements are added and removed.
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Stack: A stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle. This means that the last element added to the stack will be the first one to be removed. It has two main operations:
- Push: Adds an element to the stack. If the stack is full, then it is said to be an Overflow condition.
- Pop: Removes an element from the stack. The items are popped from the stack in the reverse order to the order of their addition. If the stack is empty, then it is said to be an Underflow condition.
In addition to these basic operations, some other operations that can be performed on a stack include Peek (or Top operation) which returns the top element of the stack, and isEmpty which checks if the stack is empty.
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Queue: A queue is another linear data structure that follows the First In First Out (FIFO) principle. This means that the first element added to the queue will be the first one to be removed. It also has two main operations:
- Enqueue: Adds an element to the end of the queue.
- Dequeue: Removes an element from the front of the queue.
Just like stacks, queues also have additional operations like Front which gets the front item from queue, Rear which gets the last item from queue, and isEmpty which checks if the queue is empty.
In summary, both Stack and Queue are abstract data types that represent a collection of elements with operations for adding and removing elements. However, they differ in the order in which elements are removed.
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